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Oameni cheie
Alternativa pentru Germania
germană Alternative für Deutschland, AfD
Logo der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)
Abreviere	AfD
Președinte	Jörg Meuthen Tino Chrupalla (copreședine)
Purtător de cuvânt	Jörg Meuthen
Fondator(i)	Bernd Lucke[*]
Date
Înființat	6 februarie 2013
Ziar	AfD Kompakt
Organizație de tineret	Junge Alternative
Număr de membri (mai 2020)	▼ 34,023^[1]
Informații
Ideologie oficială	Naționalism german^[2]^[3]^[4] Populism de dreapta^[5] Euroscepticism^[6] Conservatorism național^[7]^[8] Antiislam^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] Anticomunism^[15] Antifeminism^[16] Antiimigrație^[17]
Poziție politică	Dreapta^[18]^[19] spre extrema dreaptă^[20] Istoric : Centru-dreapta^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24] spre dreapta
Afiliere europeană	Partidul Identitate și Democrație (din 2023)
Grup europarlamentar	CRE (2014–2016) EFDD (2016–2019) ID (2019–2024) ENS (din 2024)
Culori oficiale	Albastru deschis Roșu
Bundestag	77 / 736
Landurile Germaniei	252 / 1884
Parlamentul European	15 / 96
Prezență online
www.afd.de
Modifică date / text

Alternativa pentru Germania (în germană: Alternative für Deutschland / AfD) este un partid politic conservator și eurosceptic din Germania, are un program politic anti-Euro, dar pro-Europa.

Fondat pe 6 februarie 2013, partidul a reușit să acumuleze 4,7% la alegerile federale din 2013, dar nu a trecut pragul electoral de 5%. Alternativa pentru Germania a câștigat mandate la alegerile în Parlamentul European din 2014, dar și la alegerile locale din 2014, 2015 și 2016. Așadar, actualmente Alternativa e reprezentată în Lantagurile Brandenburg, Saxonia, Turingia (din 2014), Bremen, Hamburg (din 2015), Baden-Württemberg, Renania-Palatinat și Saxonia-Anhalt (din 2016)

Rezultate electorale

Parlamentul federal (Bundestag)

An	Voturi în circumsc. elect.	Voturi pe liste elect.	Procente (%)	Mandate	+/–	Statut
2013	810,915	2,056,985	4,7 (#7)	0 / 631	0	Extraparlamentar
2017	5,316,095	5,877,094	12.6 (#3)	94 / 709	▲ 94	Opoziție
2021	4,694,017	4,802,097	10.3 (#5)	83 / 735	▼11	Opoziție

Parlamentul European

An	Voturi	Procente (%)	Mandate	+/–
2014	2,070,014	7,1 (#5)	7 / 96	▲ 7
2019	4,103,453	11.0 (#4)	11 / 96	▲ 4
2024	6,324,008	15.89 (#2)	15 / 96	▲ 4

Rezultate electorale în landtaguri (2013–)


Parlamentul	Anul	Nr. voturi	%	Locuri			Guvern
Parlamentul	Anul	Nr. voturi	%	Nr.	+ -	Poziție	Guvern
Baden-Württemberg	2021	473,309	9.7 (5) ▼	17 / 143	▼6	▲3	în opoziție
Bavaria	2023	1,999,924	14.6 (3) ▲	32 / 105	▲10	▲1	în opoziție
Berlin	2023	137,810	9.1 (5) ▼	17 / 160	▼8	▬ 0	în opoziție
Brandenburg	2019	297,484	23.5 (2) ▲	23 / 88	▲12	▲2	în opoziție
Bremen	2023	Nu a participat	–	0 / 84	▼5	▼5	Extraparlamentar
Hamburg	2020	211,327	5.3 (5) ▼	7 / 121	▼1	▲5	în opoziție
Hesse	2023	518,674	18.4 (2) ▲	28 / 137	▲9	▲2	în opoziție
Saxonia Inferioară	2022	396,839	11.0 (4) ▲	18 / 137	▲9	▲1	în opoziție
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	2021	152,747	16.7 (2) ▼	14 / 71	▼4	▬ 0	în opoziție
Renania de Nord-Westfalia	2022	388,768	5.4 (5) ▼	12 / 199	▼4	▼1	în opoziție
Renania-Palatinat	2021	160,273	8.3 (4) ▼	9 / 101	▼5	▲3	în opoziție
Saarland	2022	25,718	5.7 (3) ▼	3 / 51	▬ 0	▲1	în opoziție
Saxonia	2019	595,671	27.5 (2) ▲	38 / 119	▲24	▲2	în opoziție
Saxonia-Anhalt	2021	221,498	20.8 (2) ▼	23 / 97	▼2	▲2	în opoziție
Schleswig-Holstein	2022	61,169	5.9 (6) ▼	0 / 73	▼5	▼1	Extraparlamentar
Thuringia	2019	259,359	23.4 (2) ▲	22 / 90	▲11	▲2	în opoziție

Note

^ „CDU und SPD verlieren Mitglieder - Grüne legen deutlich zu”.
^ Taub, Amanda; Fisher, Max (18 ianuarie 2017). „Germany's Extreme Right Challenges Guilt Over Nazi Past”. The New York Times.
^ „Understanding the 'Alternative for Germany': Origins, Aims and Consequences” (PDF). University of Denver. 16 noiembrie 2016. Accesat în 29 aprilie 2017.
^ Beyer, Susanne; Fleischhauer, Jan (30 martie 2016). „AfD Head Frauke Petry: 'The Immigration of Muslims Will Change Our Culture'”. Der Spiegel.
^ Eroare la citare: Etichetă <ref> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite rwpopulism
^
*Lansford, Tom, ed. (2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE. p. 532. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
- Dervis, Kemal; Mistral, Jacques (2014). „Overview”. În Dervis, Kemal; Mistral, Jacques. Europe's Crisis, Europe's Future. Brookings Institution Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8157-2554-1.
- Ladrech, Robert (2014). „Europeanization of National Politics: the centrality of politics parties”. În Magone, José M. Routledge Handbook of European Politics. Routledge. p. 580. ISBN 978-1-317-62836-1.
- William T. Daniel (2015). Career Behaviour and the European Parliament: All Roads Lead Through Brussels?. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-871640-2.
^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). „Germany”. Parties and Elections in Europe.
^ Simon Franzmann (2015). „The Failed Struggle for Office Instead of Votes”. În Gabriele D'Ottavio; Thomas Saalfeld. Germany After the 2013 Elections: Breaking the Mould of Post-Unification Politics?. Ashgate. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-1-4724-4439-4.
^ „Thousands rally in Hanover against anti-Islam AfD party”. Al Jazeera. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. ... rally in Hanover against anti-Islam AfD party
^ Ellyatt, Holly. „Germany's far-right AfD party: 5 things you need to know”. CNBC. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. Nowadays, the AfD is mainly known for its anti-immigration (namely, anti-Islamic)
^ Dancygier, Rafaela. „The anti-Muslim AfD just scored big in Germany's election. What does this mean for German Muslims?”. The Washington Post. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.
^ Pfaffenbach, Kai. „German Election: Anti-Islam AfD Party That Worked With U.S. Ad Agency Predicted To Take Third Place”. Newsweek. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. Sunday's election in Germany is expected to bring big gains for the hard-right, anti-Islam Alternative for Germany (AfD) party,
^ Zeller, Frank. „Anti-migrant, anti-Muslim and anti-Merkel, Germany's AfD set to enter parliament”. The Times of Israel. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.
^ Horn, Heather (27 mai 2016). „The Voters Who Want Islam Out of Germany”. The Atlantic. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. The AfD's founder Bernd Lucke, an economics professor, left the party last summer, condemning rising xenophobia.
^ „Germany's far-right AfD: Victim or victor?”. The AfD ran a politically savvy campaign. It tapped into historical grievances in former communist eastern Germany, by co-opting phrases from the dissident movement that brought down the Berlin Wall 30 years ago. The AfD posters demanded a "Wende 2.0", using the German word for the peaceful revolution that brought down East German communism, and the AfD leaders compared Mrs Merkel's government to the Stasi secret police.
^ „Germany's Hot New Party Thinks America Is 'Run by Zionists'”. Gedeon opposes “feminism,” “sexualism,” and “migrationism” as core elements of what he calls “green communism.”
^ „German election: Why this vote matters”. BBC News. 15 septembrie 2017. Accesat în 20 septembrie 2017. Format:Better source needed
^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/germany-s-right-wing-afd-party-surges-new-high-concern-refugee-rises-a6810726.html. Lipsește sau este vid: |title= (ajutor)
^
- „Germany's populist AfD seeks to turn online 'censorship' to its advantage”. Deutsche Welle. 2 ianuarie 2018. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.
- Stone, Jon (13 ianuarie 2016). „Germany's right-wing AfD party surges to new high amid concern over refugees”. The Independent. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. Germany's eurosceptic right-wing party has hit a new all-time high in the opinion polls as concern about migration rises in the country.
- Conradis, Brandon (23 septembrie 2016). „New poll shows Alternative for Germany gaining support”. Deutsche Welle. Accesat în 26 septembrie 2016. The right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) has garnered some of its best numbers yet in a nationwide poll.
- Benner, Thorsten (26 septembrie 2016). „Germany's Right-Wing Challenge”. Foreign Affairs. Accesat în 26 decembrie 2016. All of that is now changing fast, thanks mostly to the rise of the right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, which is capitalizing on widespread discontent with Merkel's refugee policy.
- Clasmann, Anne-Beatrice (2 mai 2016). „Right-wing German party Alternative for Germany adopts anti-Islam policy”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. The right-wing Alternative for Germany party declared that 'Islam does not belong in Germany' as it passed its new party manifesto on Sunday.
- „Germany AfD conference: party adopts anti-Islam policy”. BBC News. 1 mai 2016. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. The German right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) has adopted an explicitly anti-Islam policy.
^
Far-right: „Germany's far-right party will make the Bundestag much noisier”. The Economist. 24 august 2017. Accesat în 24 septembrie 2017.
- Ehrhardt, Sabine (2 decembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD chooses nationalist as co-leader”. Reuters. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.
- „German election: How right-wing is nationalist AfD?”. BBC News. 13 octombrie 2017. Is it far-right? Yes.
- Eddy, Melissa (24 octombrie 2017). „Far Right Upsets Tradition of Consensus in New German Parliament”. The New York Times. the Alternative for Germany, the first far-right party to enter Parliament in decades
- Chase, Jefferson Chase (24 septembrie 2017). „AfD: What you need to know about Germany's far-right party”. Deutsche Welle.
- Schuetz, Simon (10 octombrie 2017). „The 'Very Different' Leaders of Germany's Far-Right AfD Party”. NPR.
- Rainer, Buergin (19 noiembrie 2017). „German Far-Right AfD Is in Parliament. Now What?”. Bloomberg.
- Farand, Chloe (21 noiembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD says it is 'ready' to take advantage of political stalemate”. The Independent.
- Oltermann, Philip (3 decembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD sidelines moderates as police and protesters clash”. The Guardian. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.
- Ellyatt, Holly (25 septembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD party: 5 things you need to know”. CNBC.
- Kamran Khan; Tim McNamara (2017). „Citizenship, immigration laws, and language”. În Canagarajah, Suresh. The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language. Taylor & Francis. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-317-62434-9.
- Jon Nixon (2017). „Introduction: Thinking Within, Against, and Beyond Austerity”. În Jon Nixon. Higher Education in Austerity Europe. Bloomsbury. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4742-7727-3.
- „Just how far to the right is AfD?”. 13 octombrie 2017. Accesat în 9 ianuarie 2020.
- Heinze, Anna-Sophie (1 martie 2021). „Zum schwierigen Umgang mit der AfD in den Parlamenten: Arbeitsweise, Reaktionen, Effekte”. Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (în germană). 31 (1): 133–150. doi:10.1007/s41358-020-00245-0 . ISSN 2366-2638. Der 2013 gegründeten „Alternative für Deutschland“ (AfD) gelang es – anders als früheren Rechtsaußenparteien wie der NPD, DVU oder den Republikanern
^ Stijn van Kessel (2015). Populist Parties in Europe: Agents of Discontent?. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-137-41411-3.
^ Wayne C. Thompson (2014). Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2014. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4758-1224-4.
^ Lee McGowan; David Phinnemore (2015). A Dictionary of the European Union. Taylor & Francis. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-1-317-44515-9.
^ Arzheimer, Kai (2015). „The AfD: Finally a Successful Right-Wing Populist Eurosceptic Party for Germany”. West European Politics. 38 (3): 535–556. doi:10.1080/01402382.2015.1004230.

Surse externe

[membership-1] „CDU und SPD verlieren Mitglieder - Grüne legen deutlich zu”.

[NYT2017-01-2] Taub, Amanda; Fisher, Max (18 ianuarie 2017). „Germany's Extreme Right Challenges Guilt Over Nazi Past”. The New York Times.

[Duke-3] „Understanding the 'Alternative for Germany': Origins, Aims and Consequences” (PDF). University of Denver. 16 noiembrie 2016. Accesat în 29 aprilie 2017.

[Spiegel2016-03-4] Beyer, Susanne; Fleischhauer, Jan (30 martie 2016). „AfD Head Frauke Petry: 'The Immigration of Muslims Will Change Our Culture'”. Der Spiegel.

[rwpopulism-5] Eroare la citare: Etichetă <ref> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite rwpopulism

[Eurosceptic-6] *Lansford, Tom, ed. (2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE. p. 532. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
Dervis, Kemal; Mistral, Jacques (2014). „Overview”. În Dervis, Kemal; Mistral, Jacques. Europe's Crisis, Europe's Future. Brookings Institution Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8157-2554-1.

Ladrech, Robert (2014). „Europeanization of National Politics: the centrality of politics parties”. În Magone, José M. Routledge Handbook of European Politics. Routledge. p. 580. ISBN 978-1-317-62836-1.

William T. Daniel (2015). Career Behaviour and the European Parliament: All Roads Lead Through Brussels?. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-871640-2.

[7] Dervis, Kemal; Mistral, Jacques (2014). „Overview”. În Dervis, Kemal; Mistral, Jacques. Europe's Crisis, Europe's Future. Brookings Institution Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8157-2554-1.

[8] Ladrech, Robert (2014). „Europeanization of National Politics: the centrality of politics parties”. În Magone, José M. Routledge Handbook of European Politics. Routledge. p. 580. ISBN 978-1-317-62836-1.

[9] William T. Daniel (2015). Career Behaviour and the European Parliament: All Roads Lead Through Brussels?. Oxford University Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-19-871640-2.

[Parties-and-Elections-7] Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). „Germany”. Parties and Elections in Europe.

[Franzmann2015-8] Simon Franzmann (2015). „The Failed Struggle for Office Instead of Votes”. În Gabriele D'Ottavio; Thomas Saalfeld. Germany After the 2013 Elections: Breaking the Mould of Post-Unification Politics?. Ashgate. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-1-4724-4439-4.

[thousands_rally-9] „Thousands rally in Hanover against anti-Islam AfD party”. Al Jazeera. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. ... rally in Hanover against anti-Islam AfD party

[Antiislam1-10] Ellyatt, Holly. „Germany's far-right AfD party: 5 things you need to know”. CNBC. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. Nowadays, the AfD is mainly known for its anti-immigration (namely, anti-Islamic)

[Antiislam2-11] Dancygier, Rafaela. „The anti-Muslim AfD just scored big in Germany's election. What does this mean for German Muslims?”. The Washington Post. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

[Antiislam3-12] Pfaffenbach, Kai. „German Election: Anti-Islam AfD Party That Worked With U.S. Ad Agency Predicted To Take Third Place”. Newsweek. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. Sunday's election in Germany is expected to bring big gains for the hard-right, anti-Islam Alternative for Germany (AfD) party,

[timesofisraelantiislam-13] Zeller, Frank. „Anti-migrant, anti-Muslim and anti-Merkel, Germany's AfD set to enter parliament”. The Times of Israel. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

[theatlantic2-14] Horn, Heather (27 mai 2016). „The Voters Who Want Islam Out of Germany”. The Atlantic. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018. The AfD's founder Bernd Lucke, an economics professor, left the party last summer, condemning rising xenophobia.

[15] „Germany's far-right AfD: Victim or victor?”. The AfD ran a politically savvy campaign. It tapped into historical grievances in former communist eastern Germany, by co-opting phrases from the dissident movement that brought down the Berlin Wall 30 years ago. The AfD posters demanded a "Wende 2.0", using the German word for the peaceful revolution that brought down East German communism, and the AfD leaders compared Mrs Merkel's government to the Stasi secret police.

[16] „Germany's Hot New Party Thinks America Is 'Run by Zionists'”. Gedeon opposes “feminism,” “sexualism,” and “migrationism” as core elements of what he calls “green communism.”

[autogenerated1-17] „German election: Why this vote matters”. BBC News. 15 septembrie 2017. Accesat în 20 septembrie 2017. Format:Better source needed

[18] ttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/germany-s-right-wing-afd-party-surges-new-high-concern-refugee-rises-a6810726.html. Lipsește sau este vid: |title= (ajutor)

[Independent-19] 
„Germany's populist AfD seeks to turn online 'censorship' to its advantage”. Deutsche Welle. 2 ianuarie 2018. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

Stone, Jon (13 ianuarie 2016). „Germany's right-wing AfD party surges to new high amid concern over refugees”. The Independent. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. Germany's eurosceptic right-wing party has hit a new all-time high in the opinion polls as concern about migration rises in the country.

Conradis, Brandon (23 septembrie 2016). „New poll shows Alternative for Germany gaining support”. Deutsche Welle. Accesat în 26 septembrie 2016. The right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) has garnered some of its best numbers yet in a nationwide poll.

Benner, Thorsten (26 septembrie 2016). „Germany's Right-Wing Challenge”. Foreign Affairs. Accesat în 26 decembrie 2016. All of that is now changing fast, thanks mostly to the rise of the right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, which is capitalizing on widespread discontent with Merkel's refugee policy.

Clasmann, Anne-Beatrice (2 mai 2016). „Right-wing German party Alternative for Germany adopts anti-Islam policy”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. The right-wing Alternative for Germany party declared that 'Islam does not belong in Germany' as it passed its new party manifesto on Sunday.

„Germany AfD conference: party adopts anti-Islam policy”. BBC News. 1 mai 2016. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. The German right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) has adopted an explicitly anti-Islam policy.

[23] „Germany's populist AfD seeks to turn online 'censorship' to its advantage”. Deutsche Welle. 2 ianuarie 2018. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

[24] Stone, Jon (13 ianuarie 2016). „Germany's right-wing AfD party surges to new high amid concern over refugees”. The Independent. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. Germany's eurosceptic right-wing party has hit a new all-time high in the opinion polls as concern about migration rises in the country.

[25] Conradis, Brandon (23 septembrie 2016). „New poll shows Alternative for Germany gaining support”. Deutsche Welle. Accesat în 26 septembrie 2016. The right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) has garnered some of its best numbers yet in a nationwide poll.

[26] Benner, Thorsten (26 septembrie 2016). „Germany's Right-Wing Challenge”. Foreign Affairs. Accesat în 26 decembrie 2016. All of that is now changing fast, thanks mostly to the rise of the right-wing Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, which is capitalizing on widespread discontent with Merkel's refugee policy.

[27] Clasmann, Anne-Beatrice (2 mai 2016). „Right-wing German party Alternative for Germany adopts anti-Islam policy”. The Sydney Morning Herald. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. The right-wing Alternative for Germany party declared that 'Islam does not belong in Germany' as it passed its new party manifesto on Sunday.

[28] „Germany AfD conference: party adopts anti-Islam policy”. BBC News. 1 mai 2016. Accesat în 7 iunie 2016. The German right-wing party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) has adopted an explicitly anti-Islam policy.

[farright-20] Far-right: „Germany's far-right party will make the Bundestag much noisier”. The Economist. 24 august 2017. Accesat în 24 septembrie 2017.
Ehrhardt, Sabine (2 decembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD chooses nationalist as co-leader”. Reuters. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

„German election: How right-wing is nationalist AfD?”. BBC News. 13 octombrie 2017. Is it far-right? Yes.

Eddy, Melissa (24 octombrie 2017). „Far Right Upsets Tradition of Consensus in New German Parliament”. The New York Times. the Alternative for Germany, the first far-right party to enter Parliament in decades

Chase, Jefferson Chase (24 septembrie 2017). „AfD: What you need to know about Germany's far-right party”. Deutsche Welle.

Schuetz, Simon (10 octombrie 2017). „The 'Very Different' Leaders of Germany's Far-Right AfD Party”. NPR.

Rainer, Buergin (19 noiembrie 2017). „German Far-Right AfD Is in Parliament. Now What?”. Bloomberg.

Farand, Chloe (21 noiembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD says it is 'ready' to take advantage of political stalemate”. The Independent.

Oltermann, Philip (3 decembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD sidelines moderates as police and protesters clash”. The Guardian. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

Ellyatt, Holly (25 septembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD party: 5 things you need to know”. CNBC.

Kamran Khan; Tim McNamara (2017). „Citizenship, immigration laws, and language”. În Canagarajah, Suresh. The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language. Taylor & Francis. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-317-62434-9.

Jon Nixon (2017). „Introduction: Thinking Within, Against, and Beyond Austerity”. În Jon Nixon. Higher Education in Austerity Europe. Bloomsbury. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4742-7727-3.

„Just how far to the right is AfD?”. 13 octombrie 2017. Accesat în 9 ianuarie 2020.

Heinze, Anna-Sophie (1 martie 2021). „Zum schwierigen Umgang mit der AfD in den Parlamenten: Arbeitsweise, Reaktionen, Effekte”. Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (în germană). 31 (1): 133–150. doi:10.1007/s41358-020-00245-0 . ISSN 2366-2638. Der 2013 gegründeten „Alternative für Deutschland“ (AfD) gelang es – anders als früheren Rechtsaußenparteien wie der NPD, DVU oder den Republikanern

[30] Ehrhardt, Sabine (2 decembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD chooses nationalist as co-leader”. Reuters. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

[31] „German election: How right-wing is nationalist AfD?”. BBC News. 13 octombrie 2017. Is it far-right? Yes.

[32] Eddy, Melissa (24 octombrie 2017). „Far Right Upsets Tradition of Consensus in New German Parliament”. The New York Times. the Alternative for Germany, the first far-right party to enter Parliament in decades

[33] Chase, Jefferson Chase (24 septembrie 2017). „AfD: What you need to know about Germany's far-right party”. Deutsche Welle.

[34] Schuetz, Simon (10 octombrie 2017). „The 'Very Different' Leaders of Germany's Far-Right AfD Party”. NPR.

[35] Rainer, Buergin (19 noiembrie 2017). „German Far-Right AfD Is in Parliament. Now What?”. Bloomberg.

[36] Farand, Chloe (21 noiembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD says it is 'ready' to take advantage of political stalemate”. The Independent.

[37] Oltermann, Philip (3 decembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD sidelines moderates as police and protesters clash”. The Guardian. Accesat în 22 ianuarie 2018.

[38] Ellyatt, Holly (25 septembrie 2017). „Germany's far-right AfD party: 5 things you need to know”. CNBC.

[39] Kamran Khan; Tim McNamara (2017). „Citizenship, immigration laws, and language”. În Canagarajah, Suresh. The Routledge Handbook of Migration and Language. Taylor & Francis. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-317-62434-9.

[40] Jon Nixon (2017). „Introduction: Thinking Within, Against, and Beyond Austerity”. În Jon Nixon. Higher Education in Austerity Europe. Bloomsbury. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4742-7727-3.

[41] „Just how far to the right is AfD?”. 13 octombrie 2017. Accesat în 9 ianuarie 2020.

[42] Heinze, Anna-Sophie (1 martie 2021). „Zum schwierigen Umgang mit der AfD in den Parlamenten: Arbeitsweise, Reaktionen, Effekte”. Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (în germană). 31 (1): 133–150. doi:10.1007/s41358-020-00245-0 . ISSN 2366-2638. Der 2013 gegründeten „Alternative für Deutschland“ (AfD) gelang es – anders als früheren Rechtsaußenparteien wie der NPD, DVU oder den Republikanern

[Kessel2015-21] Stijn van Kessel (2015). Populist Parties in Europe: Agents of Discontent?. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-1-137-41411-3.

[Thompson2014-22] Wayne C. Thompson (2014). Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2014. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4758-1224-4.

[McGowanPhinnemore2015-23] Lee McGowan; David Phinnemore (2015). A Dictionary of the European Union. Taylor & Francis. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-1-317-44515-9.

[arzheimer-2015-24] Arzheimer, Kai (2015). „The AfD: Finally a Successful Right-Wing Populist Eurosceptic Party for Germany”. West European Politics. 38 (3): 535–556. doi:10.1080/01402382.2015.1004230.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Alternativă pentru Germania

Rezultate electorale

Parlamentul federal (Bundestag)

Parlamentul European

Rezultate electorale în landtaguri (2013–)

Note

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