Órbita Tundra

Um mapa de rota no solo de uma órbita Tundra.

Uma órbita Tundra, em russo Тундра, é um tipo de órbita elíptica alta geossíncrona, com uma inclinação de 63,4 graus, um argumento de perigeu de 90 graus para cobrir latitudes mais ao Sul, ou 270 graus para cobrir latitudes mais ao Norte. Seu período orbital é de um dia sideral (cerca de 24 horas).

Um satélite colocado nesse tipo de órbita fica a maior parte do tempo sobre uma área específica da Terra. A rota no solo de um satélite numa órbita Tundra se aproxima do formato de um "oito".[1][2]

Parâmetros orbitais

Inclinação

A inclinação orbital de 63,4 graus é o valor da inclinação crítica. Este é o valor que, em órbitas em torno de um corpo onde o principal fator de perturbação orbital é o achatamento dinâmico J2 (o que vale para a maioria dos corpos do sistema solar, como a Terra, Marte e a Lua; a exceção notável é Vênus, onde J3 e J4 afetam as órbitas na mesma ordem de grandeza que J2) não existe perturbação sobre o argumento do perigeu, ou seja, depois de uma órbita, o argumento do perigeu é o mesmo.[3][Nota 1]

A variação do argumento do perigeu, por período orbital, é dada pela fórmula:

[Nota 2]

em que:[3]

A incinação crítica é o valor que zera Δω, ou seja:

que corresponde a, aproximadamente, 63,4349ou seu complemento 116,5651[3]

Ver também

Notas e referências

Notas

  1. ↑ Durante a órbita, o argumento do perigeu osculador varia.
  2. ↑ No texto de Liu, Baoyin e Ma, a fórmula é apresentada como a variação média do argumento do perigeu, ou seja, é este valor multiplicado por n, a velocidade angular média.
  3. ↑ A definição de J2 depende da definição de Re, pois o que é efetivamente medido dinamicamente é o valor J2 Re2.

Referências

  1. ↑ Bruno, Michael (setembro de 2005). «Tundra Constellation Design and Stationkeeping». Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. Consultado em 21 de agosto de 2013 
  2. ↑ «TUNDRA». CANADIAN ASTRONOMY, SATELLITE TRACKING AND OPTICAL RESEARCH (CASTOR). 23 de maio de 2010. Consultado em 21 de agosto de 2013 
  3. ↑ a b c Xiaodong Liu, Hexi Baoyin e Xingrui Ma, da School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, Extension of the critical inclination

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