William Caxton

William Caxton
William Caxton
Пазнейшы партрэт У. Кэкстана
Nascimento 1422
Hadlow (Reino da Inglaterra)
Morte março de 1492 (69–70 anos)
Londres (Reino da Inglaterra)
Sepultamento Igreja de Santa Margarida
Cidadania Reino da Inglaterra
Ocupação linguista, tradutor, escritor, editor, diplomata, impressor
Obras destacadas The Game and Playe of the Chesse, Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, The history of Jason, Esope, Eneydos, Paris and Vienne, The lyff of the olde auncyent holy faders hermytes, The craft for to die for the health of man's soule, The four sons of Aymon, The boke of the fayt of armes and of chyvalrye, The book of good manners, Thystorye and lyf of the noble and crysten prynce Charles the grete kynge of Fraunce, The ryal book, The golden legende, The book whiche the Knyght of the Toure made, Dialogues in French and English, Polychronicon, The historye of Reynart the foxe

William Caxton (1422-1491) foi um comerciante, diplomata e escritor inglês. Acredita-se que ele seja a primeira pessoa a introduzir uma prensa tipográfica na Inglaterra, em 1476, e como impressor foi o primeiro varejista inglês de livros impressos.

Vida

Nem sua filiação nem data de nascimento são conhecidas com certeza, mas ele pode ter nascido entre 1415 e 1424, talvez no Weald ou na floresta de Kent , talvez em Hadlow ou Tenterden. Em 1438 foi aprendiz de Robert Large, um rico comerciante de seda de Londres.

Pouco depois da morte de Large, Caxton mudou-se para Bruges, Bélgica, uma cidade rica e culta, onde se estabeleceu em 1450. Bem-sucedido nos negócios, tornou-se governador da Companhia de Aventureiros Comerciais de Londres; em suas viagens de negócios, ele observou a nova indústria gráfica em Colônia, o que o levou a iniciar uma gráfica em Bruges em colaboração com Colard Mansion. Quando Margaret de York, irmã de Edward IV, casou-se com o Duque de Borgonha, eles se mudaram para Bruges e fizeram amizade com Caxton. Foi a Duquesa quem encorajou Caxton a completar sua tradução do Recuyell das Histórias de Troye, uma coleção de histórias associadas à Ilíada de Homero, que ele fez em 1471.

Em seu retorno à Inglaterra, a grande demanda por sua tradução levou Caxton a estabelecer uma prensa em Westminster em 1476. Embora o primeiro livro que ele produziu tenha sido uma edição de The Canterbury Tales de Chaucer , ele passou a publicar livros romances, obras clássicas e histórias inglesas e romanas, e editar muitos outros. Ele foi o primeiro a traduzir as Fábulas de Esopo em 1484. Caxton não era um tradutor adequado e, sob pressão para publicar o máximo possível o mais rápido possível, às vezes ele simplesmente transferia palavras francesas para o inglês.

Em 2002, Caxton foi nomeado entre os 100 maiores britânicos em uma pesquisa da BBC.[1]

Publicações

Obras publicadas por Caxton da Divisão de Livros Raros e Coleções Especiais da Biblioteca do Congresso:

Referências

  1. ↑ «BBC - Great Britons - Top 100». web.archive.org. 4 de dezembro de 2002. Consultado em 26 de março de 2022 

Ligações externas

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