Wilhelm Pfeffer

Wilhelm Pfeffer

Conhecido(a) por pioneiro da moderna fisiologia vegetal
Nascimento 9 de março de 1845
Grebenstein, Grão-Ducado de Hesse, Confederação Germânica
Morte 31 de janeiro de 1920 (74 anos)
Kassel, Hessen, República de Weimar
Nacionalidade alemão
Alma mater
Prêmios Medalha Cothenius (1910)
Instituições
Campo(s) Botânica

Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp Pfeffer (Grebenstein, 9 de março de 1845 — Kassel, 31 de janeiro de 1920) foi um botânico, pesquisador e professor universitário alemão.[1]

Trabalho científico

Pfeffer foi um pioneiro da fisiologia vegetal moderna. Seus interesses científicos incluíam os movimentos termonásticos e fotonásticos das flores, os movimentos nictinásticos das folhas, a física protoplástica e a fotossíntese. Em 1877, enquanto pesquisava o metabolismo das plantas, Pfeffer desenvolveu uma membrana semiporosa para estudar os fenômenos da osmose. A "célula de Pfeffer" de mesmo nome é nomeada para o dispositivo osmométrico que ele construiu para determinar a pressão osmótica de uma solução.[2]

Durante seu mandato em Leipzig, Pfeffer publicou um artigo sobre o uso da fotografia para estudar o crescimento das plantas. Ele queria estender os experimentos cronofotográficos de Étienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) produzindo um curta-metragem envolvendo as etapas do crescimento das plantas. Este "filme" seria filmado durante um período de semanas por exposição quadro-a-tempo em intervalos espaçados regulares. Mais tarde, a fotografia com lapso de tempo se tornaria um procedimento comum.[3]

Trabalhos escritos

  • Physiologische Untersuchungen - 1873 (Estudos fisiológicos)
  • Lehrbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie (Manual de fisiologia vegetal).
  • Die periodischen Bewegungen der Blattorgane - 1875 (Os movimentos periódicos de "órgãos de folha")
  • Osmotische Untersuchungen – Studien zur Zellmechanik - 1877 (estudos osmóticos)
  • Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Oxydationsvorgänge in lebenden Zellen - 1889 (Contribuições para o conhecimento dos processos oxidativos em células vivas).
  • Über Aufnahme und Ausgabe ungelöster Körper - 1890
  • Studien zur Energetik der Pflanze - 1892 (Estudos sobre a energética das plantas)
  • Druck- und Arbeitsleistung durch wachsende Pflanzen - 1893
  • Untersuchungen über die Entstehung der Schlafbewegungen der Blattorgane - 1907
  • Der Einfluss von mechanischer Hemmung und von Belastung auf die Schlafbewegung - 1911 (A influência do estresse mecânico na inibição do sono e do movimento).
  • Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Entstehung der Schlafbewegungen - 1915 (Contribuições para o conhecimento sobre a gênese dos movimentos do sono).

Galeria

Célula Pfeffer
  • A célula de Pfeffer determina a pressão osmótica de uma solução.
    A célula de Pfeffer determina a pressão osmótica de uma solução.
  • A célula de Pfeffer era composta por um recipiente de barro poroso, com um precipitado de ferrocianeto de cobre, conectado a um manômetro.[4]
    A célula de Pfeffer era composta por um recipiente de barro poroso, com um precipitado de ferrocianeto de cobre, conectado a um manômetro.[4]
  • Pressão osmótica de sacarose dissolvida (alemão: "Rohrzucker") obtida por Pfeffer (Tabela 9 de "Osmotische Untersuchungen", 1877)
    Pressão osmótica de sacarose dissolvida (alemão: "Rohrzucker") obtida por Pfeffer (Tabela 9 de "Osmotische Untersuchungen", 1877)
Ícone de esboço Este artigo sobre uma pessoa é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o.

Referências

  1. ↑ Pfeffer, Wilhelm Friedrich Philipp In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlim 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6
  2. ↑ «Botany online: Membranes and Transport - Osmosis». web.archive.org. 22 de fevereiro de 2008. Consultado em 9 de março de 2022 
  3. ↑ «Who's Who of Victorian Cinema». www.victorian-cinema.net. Consultado em 9 de março de 2022 
  4. ↑ Torrey Botanical Club (1909). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 36. [S.l.]: General Books LLC. ISBN 0-217-72872-3 


Pfeff. é a abreviatura padrão usada para indicar Wilhelm Pfeffer como autoridade na descrição e classificação científica de um nome botânico.
(Lista dos táxones descritos por este autor no IPNI)

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