Vacina pneumocócica conjugada

A vacina pneumocócica conjugada (PCV) é uma vacina pneumocócica e uma vacina conjugada utilizada para proteger bebês, crianças pequenas e adultos contra doenças causadas pela bactéria Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococo). Ele contém polissacarídeo capsular purificado de sorotipos pneumocócicos conjugados a uma proteína transportadora para melhorar a resposta de anticorpos em comparação com a vacina de polissacarídeo pneumocócica. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) orienta o uso da vacina conjugada na rotina de vacinação de crianças.[1] Existem dois tipos de PCV disponíveis, com as marcas Prevnar 13 e Synflorix[2][3] Pneumosil, que foi pré-qualificada pela OMS em 2020, e Vaxneuvance.[4][5]

Os efeitos colaterais mais comuns em crianças são diminuição do apetite, febre (apenas muito comum em crianças de seis semanas a cinco anos), irritabilidade, reações no local da injeção (vermelhidão ou endurecimento da pele, inchaço, dor ou ternura), sonolência (sonolência) e sono de má qualidade.[2] Em adultos e idosos, os efeitos colaterais mais comuns são diminuição do apetite, dores de cabeça, diarreia, febre (muito comum em adultos de 18 a 29 anos), vômitos (apenas muito comuns em adultos de 18 a 49 anos), erupção cutânea, reações no local da injeção, limitação do movimento do braço, artalgia e mialgia (dor articular e muscular), calafrios e fadiga.[2]

Quando múltiplas vacinas potencialmente causadoras de febre são administradas ao mesmo tempo, elas têm um efeito aditivo. A partir de 2019, o uso profilático (ou seja, no momento da injeção) de paracetamol para reduzir reações adversas comuns e pequenas (febre, dor, inchaço, ternura) é recomendado apenas para algumas combinações de vacinas, algumas incluindo vacinas conjugadas pneumocócicas.[6]

Referências

  1. ↑ «Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants and children under 5 years of age: WHO position paper –February 2019». Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 94: 85–104. 2019. Resumo divulgativo (PDF)  Verifique o valor de |display-authors=((World Health Organization)) (ajuda)
  2. ↑ a b c «Prevenar 13 EPAR». European Medicines Agency (EMA). 26 de março de 2020. Consultado em 26 de março de 2020  Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  3. ↑ «Synflorix EPAR». European Medicines Agency. Consultado em 13 de julho de 2020 
  4. ↑ «Vaxneuvance- pneumococcal 15-valent conjugate vaccine crm197 protein adsorbed injection, suspension». DailyMed. Consultado em 20 de agosto de 2021 
  5. ↑ «Vaxneuvance». U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 30 de julho de 2021. Consultado em 20 de agosto de 2021   Este artigo incorpora texto desta fonte, que está no domínio público.
  6. ↑ Hervé C, Laupèze B, et al. (2019). «The how's and what's of vaccine reactogenicity». NPJ Vaccines. 4 (39): 39. PMC 6760227Acessível livremente. PMID 31583123. doi:10.1038/s41541-019-0132-6Acessível livremente 

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