Usina Nuclear de Gravelines

Usina Nuclear de Gravelines
Centrale nucléaire de Gravelines

Usina Nuclear de Gravelines e seus seis reatores.

Estatísticas
Coordenadas 51° 00′ 55″ N, 2° 08′ 10″ L
País  França
Status: Operacional
Início da construção 1974
Comissionada 13 de março de 1980
Operadora: EDF
Fonte de água refrigerante: Mar do Norte
Fabricante dos reatores: Framatome
Tipo de reator: PWRs
Unidades operacionais: 6 × 910 MW
Unidades em construção: -
Unidades planejadas: -
Capacidade elétrica : 5.460 MW
Geração elétrica anual: 38.462 GWh
Fator capacidade: 76,9%
Website: EDF.com


51° 00′ 55″ N, 2° 08′ 10″ L

A Usina Nuclear de Gravelines é a sexta maior usina nuclear do mundo,[1] a segunda maior da Europa após a Usina Nuclear de Zaporizhia na Ucrânia e a maior na Europa Ocidental. Ela está localizada perto da comuna de Gravelines no Departamento de Nord na França, aproximadamente 20 km (12 mi) de Dunkerque e Calais. A água de refrigeração provêm do Mar Norte. A usina consiste de 6 reatores nucleares originalmente de 900 MW cada, atingindo capacidade total instalada de 5 460 MW juntos devido a atualizações. Em 2006 a usina produziu 38,14 TWh, 8,1% de toda a energia elétrica produzida na França; Dois reatores entraram em serviço em 1980, dois em 1981 e dois em 1985.

A instalação emprega 1 680 empregados regulares. Em 2 de agosto de 2010, ela se tornou a primeira estação nuclear do mundo a produzir mais de mil terawatts-hora de eletricidade.[2]

Os reatores das unidades 5 e 6 originalmente estavam destinadas para exportação para o Irã, mas a ordem foi canceladas após a Revolução Iraniana em 1979. O seu design, conhecido como CPY foi a base dos reatores CPR-1000 da República Popular da China.[3] Um intermediário derivado é chamado de M310.[4]

Incidentes

  • Em agosto de 2009, durante a troca anual de feixes de combustível no reator-1, um feixe ficou preso na estrutura de manipulação superior, parando as operações e causando a evacuação e isolação do prédio do reator..[5]
  • Em 2007, a usina experimento 4 eventos separados que foram qualificados como nível-1 na Escala Internacional de Acidente Nuclear, o mais baixo nível na escala de 7 pontos.
  • Em 2006, quando o reator-3 foi colocado offline para a rotina de reabastecimento, foi descoberto que um fio elétrico tinha sido conectado de forma incorreta durante a última falta de energia em 2005. Esse evento também foi classificado como nível 1 na escala INES(de acidentes nucleares).

Água de refrigeração

A água de refrigeração que retira a energia térmica desperdiçada(retores nucelares só conseguem converter cerca de um terço de toda a energia térmica produzida pelo processo de fissão nuclear e decaimento radioativo) para fora da usina é usada pela comuna local por piscicultores locais que criam robalo e dourado. A água quente ajuda esses espécies a crescerem mais rápido.

A estação nuclear de longe.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ IAEA Nuclear Power Plants in France
  2. ↑ «French nuclear plant reaches landmark». World Nuclear News. 2 de novembro de 2011. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2011 
  3. ↑ http://www.iaea.or.at/NuclearPower/Downloads/Technology/meetings/2011-Jul-4-8-ANRT-WS/1_CHINA_CPR1000_CGNPC_S.Lau.pdf Arquivado em 27 de setembro de 2011, no Wayback Machine. CPR1000 Design, Safety Performance and Operability, slide 16
  4. ↑ Chinese reactor design evolution, Nuclear Engineering International
  5. ↑ https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jDlQI2MpwzTvWT166NetwyFGPyiA

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