Tongue-in-cheek

Tongue-in-cheek (literalmente, "língua na bochecha") é uma figura de linguagem em inglês usada para designar que uma declaração ou outra comunicação pública é feita de forma humorística, ou seja, não deve ser considerada realista nem séria, e não deve ser tomada literalmente. A expressão facial normalmente indica que se está brincando ou fazendo um esforço mental.[1] Dantes poderia ser usada também para indicar desrespeito, mas já não é comum essa acepção da expressão.[2]

Em 1842, a expressão tinha já adquirido o seu significado atual, significando que uma declaração "tongue-in-cheek" não foi feita para ser levada a sério.[3][4][5] Os primeiros usos da frase foram de Sir Walter Scott em seu The Fair Maid of Perth de 1828.

História

Colocar a língua em uma bochecha antigamente era usado para significar desprezo. Por exemplo, em The Adventures of Roderick Random, de Tobias Smollett, que foi publicado em 1748, o herói homônimo pretende tomar uma carruagem para Bath e encontra um ladrão de estrada. Isso provoca uma briga com um passageiro menos corajoso:[6]

Ele olhou para trás e pronunciou com uma voz vacilante: 'Ó! fizeste muito bem em condenar o meu sangue! Vou encontrar um tempo'. Demonstrei o meu desprezo por ele colocando a língua na bochecha, o que o deixou tão humilde que ele mal fez outro juramento em voz alta durante toda a viagem.

Um uso similar aparece em The Fair Maid of Perth de Sir Walter Scott:

O sujeito que fez essa saudação fez pouco caso de alguns canalhas como ele.

O sentido irônico mais moderno aparece no poema de 1842, "The Ingoldsby Legends", em que um francês inspeciona um relógio e grita:[3]

'Superbe! Magnifique!'
(com a língua em sua bochecha)

O uso irônico se origina com a ideia de língua reprimida — de uma alegria em roer para evitar uma explosão de gargalhadas.[7]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Lindley, E. H. (1896). «A preliminary study of some of the motor phenomena of mental effort». The American Journal of Psychology 
  2. ↑ Ayto, John (2009), From the Horse's Mouth, ISBN 978-0-19-954379-3, Oxford University Press 
  3. ↑ a b Owens, Gene (4 de dezembro de 2007). «'Tongue in cheek' is cut-and-dried phrase». The Oklahoman. Phrases.org. ... O romancista Sir Walter Scott usou 'língua na bochecha' antes de 1828, em 'The Fair Maid of Perth,' mas não está claro o que ele quis dizer. 
  4. ↑ Chay, H., Contrastive metaphor of Korean and English revealed in 'mouth' and 'tongue' expressions 
  5. ↑ Zoltan, I. G. (2006). «Use Your Body». Philologia 
  6. ↑ Smollett, Tobias George (1780), The adventures of Roderick Random 
  7. ↑ Marshallsay, Nick (2005), The body language phrasebook, ISBN 978-1-84340-304-3, Collins & Brown 

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