Teoria da coerência da verdade

As teorias da coerência da verdade caracterizam a verdade como uma propriedade de sistemas inteiros de proposições que só pode ser atribuída a proposições individuais derivativamente, de acordo com a sua coerência com o todo. Enquanto os teóricos da coerência modernos sustentam que existem muitos sistemas possíveis para os quais a determinação da verdade pode basear-se na coerência, outros, particularmente aqueles com fortes crenças religiosas, sustentam que a verdade só se aplica a um único sistema absoluto. Em geral, a verdade requer um ajuste adequado dos elementos dentro de todo o sistema. Muitas vezes, porém, considera-se que a coerência implica algo mais do que uma simples coerência formal. Por exemplo, a coerência do conjunto subjacente de conceitos é considerada um fator crítico para julgar a validade de todo o sistema. Por outras palavras, o conjunto de conceitos básicos num universo de discurso deve primeiro ser visto como formando um paradigma inteligível antes de muitos teóricos considerarem que a teoria da coerência da verdade é aplicável. 

História

Na filosofia moderna, a teoria da coerência da verdade foi defendida por Baruch Spinoza,[1] Immanuel Kant,[1] Johann Gottlieb Fichte,[1] Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel,[2] Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[1] e Harold Henry Joachim (a quem se atribui a formulação definitiva da teoria).[3] No entanto, Spinoza e Kant também foram interpretados como defensores da teoria correpondentista da verdade.[4] Na filosofia contemporânea, vários epistemólogos contribuíram significativamente e defenderam a teoria, principalmente Brand Blanshard (que deu a primeira caracterização da teoria na contemporaneidade) e Nicholas Rescher.[1]

Variedades

De acordo com uma visão, a teoria da coerência da verdade considera a verdade como coerência dentro de algum conjunto específico de sentenças, proposições ou crenças.[1] É a "teoria do conhecimento que sustenta que a verdade é uma propriedade primariamente aplicável a qualquer corpo extenso de proposições consistentes, e derivativamente aplicável a qualquer proposição em tal sistema em virtude de sua parte no sistema".[5]

Segundo outra versão de H. H. Joachim (o filósofo a quem se atribui a formulação definitiva da teoria, no seu livro The Nature of Truth, publicado em 1906), a verdade é uma coerência sistemática que envolve mais do que consistência lógica.[6] Nesta visão, uma proposição é verdadeira na medida em que é um constituinte necessário de um todo sistematicamente coerente. Outros desta escola de pensamento, por exemplo, Brand Blanshard, sustentam que este todo deve ser tão interdependente que cada elemento nele necessita e até implica todos os outros elementos. Os expoentes desta visão inferem que a verdade mais completa é uma propriedade apenas de um sistema coerente único, denominado sistema absoluto, e que as proposições e sistemas humanamente cognoscíveis têm um grau de verdade que é proporcional à forma como se aproximam deste ideal.[7]:321–322

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e f The Coherence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
  2. ↑ Elizabeth Millan, Friedrich Schlegel and the Emergence of Romantic Philosophy, SUNY Press, 2012, p. 49.
  3. ↑ Harold Henry Joachim (1868—1938) (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
  4. ↑ The Correspondence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
  5. ↑ Benjamin, A. Cornelius (1962), "Coherence Theory of Truth", in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ, p. 58.
  6. ↑ Harold Henry Joachim (1868—1938) (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
  7. ↑ Baylis, Charles A. (1962), "Truth", in Dagobert D. Runes (ed.), Dictionary of Philosophy, Littlefield, Adams, and Company, Totowa, NJ.

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