Tacrolimo

Tacrolimo
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Nome IUPAC (−)-(3S,4R,5S,8R,9E,12S,14S,15R,16S,18R,26aS)-8-allyl-5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,24,25,26,26a-hexadecahydro-5,19-dihydroxy-3-{(E)-2-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methylcyclohexyl]-1-methylvinyl}-14,16-dimethoxy-4,10,12,18-tetramethyl-15,19-epoxy-3H-pyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxaazacyclotricosane-1,7,20,21(4H,23H)-tetrone
Identificadores
Número CAS 104987-11-3
PubChem 445643
DrugBank DB00864
KEGG D08556
ChEBI 61049
Código ATC D11AH01
SMILES
DCB n° 09719
Primeiro nome comercial ou de referência Prograf, Advagraf, Protopic
Propriedades
Fórmula química C44H69NO12
Massa molar 803.95 g mol-1
Farmacologia
Biodisponibilidade 24% (5–67%), menor após alimento gorduroso
Via(s) de administração Tópico, oral, intravenoso
Metabolismo Liver CYP3A4, CYP3A5
Ligação plasmática ≥98.8%
Excreção Mostly fecal
Classificação legal


-only (US)

Riscos na gravidez
e lactação
C(AU)
Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão

Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.
É um macrólido com um anel de lactona de 23 membros. Fórmula química: C44H69NO12. E peso molecular 804.018 g/mol.

Tacrolimo (também conhecido como FK-506 ou fujimicina) é um fármaco imunossupressor da classe dos inibidores de calcineurina, usado principalmente após transplante de órgão para reduzir a atividade do sistema imune e, assim, reduzir o risco de rejeição. Atua reduzindo a atividade de linfócitos T e a interleucina 2 (IL-2).[1]

Usos

É usado especialmente para evitar a rejeição de órgãos transplantados, mas também pode ser usado na preparação da pele para o tratamento de dermatite atópica, uveíte e vitiligo com 4 anos ou mais.[2]

Embora o efeito imunossupressor e sobrevivência de curto prazo foi demonstrado ser semelhante a da ciclosporina, os resultados com tacrolimo tiveram um perfil lipídico mais favorável, e isso tem importantes implicações a longo prazo sobre o prognóstico, dada a influência a longo prazo sobre a rejeição e sobrevida do enxerto.[3]

Farmacocinética

Quando administrado oralmente, seu metabolismo é hepático (CYP3A4) com meia-vida de 11,3 h, em média (gama 3,5-40,6 h) e sua excreção é na maioria fecal. Sua biodisponibilidade é de 20%, sendo menor depois de comidas gordurosas.

Efeitos adversos

Seus efeito adverso mais comuns incluem sensação de queimação na pele, prurido, dermatite, vermelhidão e sintomas de gripe como náusea e dor de cabeça.[4]

O uso de tacrolimus tópico deve ser evitado em caso de suspeita de lesões malignas, nem deve ser associado a bandagens oclusivas. Como é um imunosupressor, diminui a resposta do organismo a infecções e neoplasias.[5]

Contraindicações

É contraindicada em caso de gravidez, lactância, infecções, neoplasias, problemas hepáticos. Recomenda-se evitar a luz solar direta e o consumo de toranja (grapefruit) após seu uso.[6]

História

Foi descoberto por uma equipe japonesa em 1984 a partir do caldo de fermentação de uma amostra de solo contendo a bactéria Streptomyces tsukubaensis japonesa. Foi aprovado pela FDA para uso humano em 1994.[7]

Referências

  1. J.G. O'Grady, A. Burroughs, P. Hardy, D. Elbourne, A. Truesdale, and The UK and Ireland Liver Transplant Study Group (2002). «Tacrolimus versus emulsified cyclosporin in liver transplantation: the TMC randomised controlled trial.». Lancet 360: pp. 1119–1125. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11196-2.
  2. Hanifin, Jon M.; Paller, Amy S.; Eichenfield, Lawrence; Clark, Richard A.; Korman, Neil; Weinstein, Gerald; Caro, Ivor; Jaracz, Eileen; Rico, M. Joyce (1 de agosto de 2005). «Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment treatment for up to 4 years in patients with atopic dermatitis». Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (em inglês) (2): S186–S194. ISSN 0190-9622. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.04.062. Consultado em 11 de janeiro de 2021 
  3. M.M. Abou-Jaoude, R. Naim, J. Shaheen, N. Naufal, S. Abboud, M. AlHabash, M. Darwish, A. Mulhem, A. Ojjeh, and W.Y. Almawi (2005). «Tacrolimus (FK506) versus cyclosporin microemulsion (Neoral) as maintenance immunosuppresion therapy in kidney transplant recipients.». Transplantation Proceedings 37: pp. 3025–3028. doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.08.040.
  4. «Tacrolimus: MedlinePlus». medlineplus.gov (em espanhol). Consultado em 11 de janeiro de 2021 
  5. «Protopic (Tacrolimus): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning». RxList (em inglês). Consultado em 11 de janeiro de 2021 
  6. Fukatsu S, Fukudo M, Masuda S, Yano I, Katsura T, Ogura Y, Oike F, Takada Y, Inui K (2006). «Delayed effect of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in a living-donor liver transplant recipient». Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 21 (2): pp. 122–5. doi:10.2133/dmpk.21.122. PMID 16702731.
  7. Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, Goto T, Okuhara M, Kohsaka M, Aoki H, Imanaka H (1987). «FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces. I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics.». J Antibiot (Tokyo) 40 (9): pp. 1249–55. PMID 2445721.

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