Síndrome de Horner

Síndrome de Horner
Síndrome de Horner
Olhos de um portador da síndrome
Especialidade neurologia
Classificação e recursos externos
CID-10 G90.2
CID-9 337.9
CID-11 178756462
OMIM 143000
DiseasesDB 6014
MedlinePlus 000708
eMedicine med/1029 oph/336
MeSH D006732
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A síndrome de Horner ou paralisia óculo-simpática é uma rara síndrome clínica causada pela lesão dos nervos faciais e oculares que fazem parte do sistema nervoso simpático.[1]

Sinais e sintomas

Os principais sinais e sintomas são:

Em crianças a síndrome de Horner às vezes leva a uma diferença na coloração entre os dois olhos (heterocromia).[2] Isto ocorre porque uma falta de estimulação simpática na infância interfere na pigmentação da melanina dos melanócitos no estroma superficial da íris.

Causas

A síndrome de Horner geralmente é causada por doença neurológica, vascular, infecção ou tumor, mas pode também ser causada por deformação congênita (presente ao nascimento) ou por causas iatrogênica como tratamentos medicamentosos ou cirurgia recente. Um grande número de medicamentos pode induzir essa síndrome. Embora a maioria das causas sejam relativamente benignas, a síndrome de Horner pode refletir uma doença séria no pescoço ou peito (como o tumor de Pancoast ou dilatação venosa tireocervical) e conseqüentemente requer investigação. Outras causas incluem[3]:

Sinais e sintomas

Os sintomas clássicos que caracterizam a síndrome são[4]:

  • Diferença notável no tamanho da pupila entre os dois olhos (anisocoria)
  • Abertura lenta e menor dilatação de uma das pupila (miose)
  • Queda de uma das pálpebras superiores (ptose)
  • Pouca ou nenhuma suor na parte do rosto afetada (anidrose)

Diagnóstico

Pode ser sinal de outras doenças e de vulnerabilidade a problemas cardiovasculares e neurológicos, por isso é importante encontrar a causa através de exames como[1]:

Tratamento

O tratamento tem como objetivo prevenir outros problemas neurológicos e cardiovasculares ocasionados pela mesma causa, por exemplo aneurisma ou aterosclerose. Os sintomas podem regredir dependendo da causa se tratada corretamente, por exemplo, se o problema for um tumor comprimindo o nervo a retirada do tumor pode resolver o problema. [5]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/000708.htm
  2. ↑ Gesundheit B, Greenberg M (2005). «Medical mystery: brown eye and blue eye--the answer». N Engl J Med. 353 (22): 2409-10. PMID 16319395 
  3. ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1220091-overview
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/horner-syndrome/basics/symptoms/con-20034650
  5. ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1220091-overview#a11

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Referências

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