Sabiá virus

Como ler uma infocaixa de taxonomiaSabiá virus
Taxocaixa sem imagem
Classificação científica
Grupo: Grupo V ((-)ssRNA)
Família: Arenaviridae
Gênero: Arenavirus
Espécie: Sabiá virus

Sabiá virus é uma espécie de vírus da família Arenaviridae. Estes vírus possuem material genético de RNA e partículas virais envelopadas. Sabiá virus é o agente etiológico da doença denominada febre hemorrágica brasileira.[1]

Outros Arenaviridae causadores de febres hemorrágicas são: vírus Junin, vírus Machupo e vírus Guanarito na América do Sul e do vírus Lassa na África.

Transmissão

O vírus sabiá se transmite por aerossóis e foi isolado pela primeira vez no bairro de Sabiá, em Cotia (Grande São Paulo) em 1990.[2]

Sinais e sintomas

O quadro clínico é semelhante ao da gripe, com náuseas e vômitos, e progride para complicações renais e morte.[2]

Como o quadro clínico inicial das febres hemorrágicas é semelhante a febre-amarela e dengue, os casos podem passar despercebidos se não for realizado o diagnóstico diferencial. [3]

O risco de contaminação por esse vírus em laboratório é alto. Ele está na mesma classe de risco que o vírus Ebola. Apenas o Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais tem autorização para manejar o vírus, visto que é o único laboratório brasileiro com certificação de Segurança Biológica Nível 4[4]. Como os arenavírus causadores de doença humana se encontram em roedores silvestres mantidos na natureza, é preciso que os profissionais da saúde sejam alertados quanto ao risco desta zoonose em pacientes com exposição laboral ou turística a roedores ou seus excretas.[3]

A febre hemorrágica brasileira é de notificação obrigatória e familiares próximos e profissionais de saúde que tiverem contato com o doente devem ser acompanhados. A coleta de amostra demanda EPI e caixa de transporte para material de risco biológico.[5]

Tratamento

O uso de Ribavirina auxilia no tratamento de arenavirus[2], no entanto, não há vacina e a letalidade é estimada entre 20% a 60%.[3]

A prevenção pode ser feita ao evitar o contato com roedores silvestres e usar um Equipamento de Proteção Individual (EPI) ao enfrentar exposição de risco. Detergentes, desinfetantes comuns (com hipoclorito de sódio, glutaraldeído, álcool etílico a 70% e lisofórmio na composição) e luz ultravioleta são capazes de inativar o vírus.[3]

Ver também


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Referências

  1. ↑ «NRT Quick Reference Guide: Brazilian Hemorrhagic Fever (BzHF)» (PDF). The US National Response Team. Consultado em 4 de dezembro de 2024 
  2. ↑ a b c «Febre hemorrágica brasileira: o que você precisa entender hoje?». Portal Afya. Consultado em 4 de dezembro de 2024 
  3. ↑ a b c d «Um problema invisível: arenavírus ressurge no Brasil depois de 20 anos». Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 7 de fevereiro de 2020. Consultado em 7 de agosto de 2020 
  4. ↑ «Lanagro/MG é o primeiro do Brasil com nível de biossegurança máximo». www.ruralcentro.com.br. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2022 
  5. ↑ «Arenavírus (Febre Hemorrágica): o que é, causas, sintomas, tratamento e prevenção». Ministério da Saúde. Consultado em 7 de agosto de 2020 

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