Rio Iguaçu (Rio de Janeiro)

 Nota: Se procura outros significados, veja Iguaçu.
Rio Iguaçu
Rio Iguaçu (Rio de Janeiro)
Rio Iguaçu, no Maciço do Tinguá, próximo a sua nascente, em Nova Iguaçu
Comprimento 43 km
Nascente Serra do Tinguá
Altitude da nascente 1 000 m
Foz Baía de Guanabara
Área da bacia 726 km²
Delta Não

O Rio Iguaçu[1] é um rio do estado do Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil.

Etimologia

Ver também: Topônimos tupi-guaranis no Brasil

"Iguaçu" é um nome originário da língua tupi, significando "rio grande", através da junção dos termos 'y (rio, água)[2] e gûasu (grande).

Características

Sua nascente é na Serra do Tinguá. Tem extensão de 43 km, desaguando na Baía da Guanabara. Seus principais afluentes são os rios Tinguá, Pati, Capivari (margem esquerda), Botas e Sarapuí (margem direita). Antigamente, havia ainda um afluente importante, o rio Pilar, hoje assoreado.

Esse rio foi de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da região da Baixada Fluminense, especialmente para a criação da cidade de Nova Iguaçu.

O porto de Iguaçu, que se localizava nesse rio, foi o segundo mais importante porto fluvial do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, especialmente entre 1830 e 1860. Exportava-se principalmente café, feijão, farinha e tapioca, além de outros produtos, produzidos no próprio município de Iguaçu (hoje Nova Iguaçu) e também nos municípios de Vassouras, Valença e Paraíba do Sul (que abrangiam os vários municípios atualmente existentes na região). A província de Minas Gerais também utilizava o porto, que ficava no final da Estrada Real do Comércio.

Contudo, com o tempo, o rio Iguaçu perdeu sua importância estratégica. A ocupação econômica da Baixada Fluminense derrubou as matas nativas, o que causou o assoreamento dos rios e a diminuição de sua vazão. Os rios assoreados facilitaram a propagação de mosquitos e endemias de malária no final do século XIX. Com isto, as antigas povoações ao lado de portos como os de Iguaçu e Pilar do Iguaçu ficam pouco povoadas, a tal ponto que até a cidade de Iguaçu mudou-se de seu antigo local perto do rio Iguaçu para um outro perto da Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II (atual Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil), passando então a chamar-se cidade de Nova Iguaçu. Finalmente, a criação da Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II eliminou a utilização do rio Iguaçu como via de transporte. Em seu estuário, forma uma das últimas áreas de manguezais da Baía de Guanabara.

Referências

  1. ↑ Portal do Instituto Estadual do Ambiente. Disponível em http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/index/index.asp. Acesso em 14 de janeiro de 2013.
  2. ↑ NAVARRO, E. Método moderno de tupi antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos. Terceira edição revista e aperfeiçoada. São Paulo. Global. 2005. p. 22.

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