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Rebelião de Monmouth

The Morning of Sedgemoor, por Edgar Bundy

A Rebelião de Monmouth, também conhecida como a Rebelião Pitchfork, a Revolta do Oeste ou a rebelião de West Country, foi uma tentativa de derrubar Jaime II. Ele se tornou rei da Inglaterra, Escócia e Irlanda após a morte de seu irmão mais velho, Carlos II da Inglaterra, em 6 de fevereiro de 1685. Jaime II era católico romano e alguns protestantes sob seu governo se opuseram ao seu reinado. Jaime Scott, 1.º Duque de Monmouth, o filho ilegítimo mais velho de Carlos II, reivindicou o trono na tentativa de deslocar seu tio.[1][2][3][4]

Planos foram discutidos para derrubar o rei após o fracasso do plano Rye House Plot para assassinar Charles II e James em 1683, enquanto Monmouth estava em exílio auto-imposto na República Holandesa. A rebelião de Monmouth foi coordenada com o Argyll's Rising, uma rebelião na Escócia, onde Archibald Campbell, 9º Conde de Argyll, desembarcou com uma pequena força. O duque de Monmouth era popular no sudoeste da Inglaterra, então planejava recrutar tropas localmente e assumir o controle da área antes de marchar para Londres.[1][2][3][4]

Monmouth desembarcou em Lyme Regis em 11 de junho de 1685. Nas semanas seguintes, seu crescente exército de não-conformistas, artesãos e trabalhadores agrícolas travou uma série de escaramuças com milícias locais e soldados regulares comandados por Louis de Duras, 2º Conde de Feversham, e John Churchill. As forças de Monmouth foram incapazes de competir com o exército regular e não conseguiram capturar a cidade de Bristol. A rebelião terminou com a derrota do exército de Monmouth na Batalha de Sedgemoor em 6 de julho de 1685 por forças lideradas por Feversham e Churchill.[1][2][3][4]

Monmouth foi decapitado por traição em 15 de julho de 1685. Muitos de seus partidários foram julgados durante os Bloody Assizes - uma série de julgamentos iniciados em Winchester em 25 de agosto de 1685 após a Batalha de Sedgemoor -, liderados pelo juiz Jeffreys, e foram condenados à morte ou transporte. Jaime II conseguiu consolidar seu poder e reinou até 1688, quando foi deposto por outro sobrinho, Guilherme III de Orange, na Revolução Gloriosa.[1][2][3][4]

Referências

  1. a b c d Bevan, Bryan (1973). James, Duke of Monmouth. London: Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7091-3985-0 
  2. a b c d Miller, John (2000). James II 3rd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08728-4 
  3. a b c d Harris, Tim (2006). Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720. [S.l.]: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-7139-9759-0 
  4. a b c d Clarke, Nigel J. (1985). Monmouth's West Country Rebellion of 1685. [S.l.]: Nigel J Clarke Publications. ISBN 978-0-907683-17-9 

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