Proteção planetária

A proteção planetária é um princípio norteador no projeto de uma missão interplanetária, com o objetivo de evitar a contaminação biológica do corpo celeste alvo e da Terra no caso de missões de retorno de amostras.[1] A proteção planetária reflete tanto a natureza desconhecida do ambiente espacial quanto o desejo da comunidade científica de preservar a natureza primitiva dos corpos celestes até que possam ser estudados em detalhes.[2][3]

Existem dois tipos de contaminação interplanetária. A contaminação direta que é a transferência de organismos viáveis da Terra para outro corpo celeste.[4] A contaminação reversa é a transferência de organismos extraterrestres, se houver, de volta à biosfera da Terra.[5]

Recomendações da COSPAR

O Comitê de Pesquisa Espacial (COSPAR) se reúne a cada dois anos,[6] em uma reunião de 2000 a 3000 cientistas,[7] e uma de suas tarefas é desenvolver recomendações para evitar a contaminação interplanetária. Sua base jurídica é o Artigo IX do Tratado do Espaço Exterior.[8]

Referências

  1. «A NASA report finds some rules guarding other planets from contamination may be too strict». Science News (em inglês). 29 de outubro de 2019. Consultado em 31 de outubro de 2019 
  2. Tänczer, John D. Rummel; Ketskeméty, L.; Lévai, G. (1989). «Planetary protection policy overview and application to future missions». Advances in Space Research. 9 (6): 181–184. Bibcode:1989AdSpR...9..181T. PMID 11537370. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(89)90161-0 
  3. Portree, David S.F. (2 de outubro de 2013). «Spraying Bugs on Mars (1964)». Wired. Consultado em 3 de outubro de 2013 
  4. Mahoney, Erin (20 de outubro de 2016). «Limiting Interplanetary Contamination During Human Missions». NASA. Consultado em 31 de outubro de 2019 
  5. «How NASA Planetary Protection Works». HowStuffWorks (em inglês). 13 de março de 2012. Consultado em 31 de outubro de 2019 
  6. Coustenis, Athena. «COSPAR Panel on Planetary Protection» (PDF) 
  7. COSPAR scientific assemblies
  8. Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars ( 2006 ) - Page 13
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