ExoMars

ExoMars
Descrição
Tipo Reconhecimento de Marte
Operador(es) União Europeia ESA / Rússia Roscosmos
Identificação NSSDC 2016-017A
Website ExoMars
Duração da missão 7 anos (planeado)
Decorrido: 8 anos, 9 meses e 18 dias
Propriedades
Massa 4,332 quilogramas (0,0043 t)
Missão
Contratante(s) Thales Alenia Space
Data de lançamento 14 de março de 2016, 09:31 UTC
Veículo de lançamento Proton-M
Local de lançamento Cosmódromo de Baikonur, Cazaquistão
Destino Marte
Fim da missão 2022
Portal Astronomia
ExoMars

A missão ExoMars, desenvolvida pela Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA), visa investigar a possibilidade de vida em Marte. A missão é composta por dois principais componentes: o Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), lançado em 2016, e o rover Rosalind Franklin, cuja data de lançamento está prevista para 2028. O TGO está em órbita de Marte desde 2016, realizando análises da atmosfera do planeta, especialmente em busca de gases como metano, que podem ser indicativos de atividade biológica ou geológica.[1][2]

O módulo de aterrissagem Schiaparelli, que acompanhava o TGO, teve um resultado inesperado. Durante a tentativa de pouso em outubro de 2016, o módulo perdeu comunicação 50 segundos antes de tocar a superfície, resultando em um fracasso na missão. Apesar disso, os dados coletados durante a descida ajudaram a entender melhor as condições e desafios envolvidos no pouso em Marte[2].

A missão de 2028 incluirá o rover Rosalind Franklin, que será o primeiro rover da ESA a explorar o solo de Marte. O rover será equipado com um sistema de perfuração para coletar amostras até 2 metros abaixo da superfície do planeta[2].

Instrumentos

De acordo com boletins divulgados pela ESA, chamados de Cartas Paster, são propostos os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa, na Carta Paster número 4.

Instrumentos panorâmicos

Estes instrumentos deverão ter uma ampla visão do que estiverem observando, inclusive sob o solo.
  • Panoramic Camera System
  • Infrared Spectrometer
  • Ground-Penetrating Radar
  • Permittivity Probe - Procurar abaixo da superfície por gelo e água.
  • Neutron Scattering - Procurar abaixo da superfície por gelo e água.
  • Radon Exhalation - Procurar abaixo da superfície por água.

Instrumentos de contacto

Estes instrumentos deverão ser usados para estudar a superfície de solos e de rochas por contato direto.
  • Close-up Imager
  • Mössbauer Spectrometer
  • APXS Spectrometer
  • Drill System

Instrumentos de análise laboratorial

Estes instrumentos deverão ser colocados internamente dos módulo e deverão analisar amostras coletadas.
  • Microscope
  • Raman/LIBS
  • Mars Organics Detector (MOD)
  • GC-MS - Para pesquisar por moléculas orgânicas
  • Life Marker Chip - Para detectar por bio-marcas de possível presença de vida em passado remoto
  • Mars Oxidant Sensor (MOI)
  • X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) - Mineralogia

Instrumentos para o meio-ambiente

Eles serão utilizados para o estudo do meio-ambiente de Marte.
  • Ionising Radiation Sensor - Para medir partículas cósmicas e solares
  • UV Spectrometer
  • Dust Instrument Suite
  • Environmental Package - Estudo meteorológico

Ligações externas

  1. ↑ «ExoMars Factsheet». www.esa.int (em inglês). Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2024 
  2. ↑ a b c «ExoMars». www.esa.int (em inglês). Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2024 

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