Princípio de Thomsen–Berthelot

O princípio Thomsen-Berthelot, na termoquímica, é uma hipótese na história da química que argumentava que todas as mudanças químicas são acompanhadas pela produção de calor e que os processos nos quais ocorrem isso serão aqueles em que mais calor é produzido.[1] Este princípio foi formulado em versões ligeiramente diferentes pelo químico dinamarquês Julius Thomsen em 1854 e pelo químico francês Marcellin Berthelot em 1864. Este postulado no início da termoquímica clássica se tornou a base de um programa de investigação controversa que duraria três que décadas.

Esse princípio veio a ser associado ao que foi chamado de teoria térmica da afinidade, que postulava que o calor desenvolvido em uma reação química era a verdadeira medida de sua afinidade. Esta hipótese foi mais tarde desmentida, no entanto, quando em 1882 o cientista alemão Hermann von Helmholtz provou que a afinidade não era dada pelo calor desenvolvido em uma reação química, mas sim pelo trabalho máximo, ou energia livre, produzido quando a reação foi efet­ a de forma reversível.

Referências

  1. ↑ William H. Cropper (2004). Great Physicists: The Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-0-19-517324-6 

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