Primeira instância

A primeira instância é primeiro grau de hierarquia e de jurisdição do poder judiciário, isto é, o primeiro órgão da justiça ao qual o cidadão deverá dirigir um pedido de solução de conflito.[1]

O juízo da primeira instância é denominado "a quo" e o da segunda instância é denominado "ad quem".

No Brasil

No Brasil, se o pedido for de competência da justiça estadual (em razão da matéria tratada), será dirigido a uma das varas da justiça do estado; se for de competência da justiça federal comum será dirigido a uma das varas da justiça federal. Excepcionalmente, há casos em que o pedido deve ser dirigido diretamente a um tribunal.

Em regra, a legislação brasileira estabelece a solução dos conflitos em duas instâncias. Se houver recurso à segunda instância, cabe a ela examinar a decisão proferida em primeira instância e julgar se foi acertada ou não. No caso negativo, poderá corrigir a decisão ou declarar a nulidade da decisão de primeiro grau, determinando o retorno dos autos do processo à instância anterior, para que esta decida o conflito.

Eventualmente, pode também haver recurso à terceira instância. Trata-se, neste caso, de recursos especiais (recursos para o Superior Tribunal de Justiça) e recursos extraordinários (recursos para o Supremo Tribunal Federal).[2]

Referências

  1. ↑ «Instância». Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público - CNMP. 2024 
  2. ↑ STF funciona como quarta instância, diz Peluso. JusBrasil, 28 de dezembro de 2010.
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