Poliorcética

Poliorcética[1], do grego poliorketikos, são as técnicas para atacar uma praça cercada ou as técnicas para defendê-las (chamada de antipoliorcética).[2]

O termo é utilizado na arquitetura militar como a arte de construir e aplicar máquinas bélicas para bater muros e expurgar fortalezas.[3]

Na Antiguidade, Demétrio, filho de Antígono Monoftalmo, foi um dos que mais se destacaram nessa arte, recebendo, por isso, o cognome de Poliorceto. Ele inventou uma máquina de guerra chamada Helépolis, com a qual tomou Rodes e outras cidades.[3]

Autores antigos

Houve vários livros antigos escritos sobre o assunto.

Júlio Lipsio escreveu o livro Poliorceticon, título tomado do grego Expoliorcheein, que quer dizer tomar de assalto.[3]

Enéas, o Tático, escreveu um livro também chamado Poliorketica, mas que era um tratado de como resistir a um cerco. O livro alterna momentos em que ele é sério, informativo, sinistro, inovativo, psicológico, surpreendente, excêntrico, exótico e eventualmente hilário. Em um cenário onde poucas centenas — no máximo, alguns milhares — de soldados devem defender-se de um inimigo agressivo, nada além da sobrevivência tem valor. Enéas, além de ter que lutar contra o inimigo fora das muralhas, ainda tem que se preocupar com traidores do lado de dentro, utilizando recursos modestos em tropas e equipamento.[4]

Outros que escreveram textos sobre poliorcética foram Ateneu Mecânico, Biton, Herão de Alexandria, Filo de Bizâncio e Apolodoro de Damasco; vários desses textos foram usados como fonte por Herão de Bizâncio para compor o texto Parangelmata Poliorcetica (Instruções para a Guerra de Cerco).[5]

Referências

  1. ↑ S.A, Priberam Informática. «poliorcética». Dicionário Priberam. Consultado em 7 de janeiro de 2022 
  2. ↑ Luís Serrão Pimentel, Methodo lusitanico de desenhar as fortificaçoens das praças regulares, [et] irregulares (1680), Proemio [google books]
  3. ↑ a b c Rafael Bluteau, Supplemento ao vocabulario portuguez e latino que acbou de sahir a luz anno de MDCCXXI (1728), Poliorcetica [google books]
  4. ↑ Maria Pretzler, site dedicado a Enéas, o Tático, Índice [em linha]
  5. ↑ James Grout (Aelius Stilo), editor do site Encyclopaedia Romana, Apollodorus of Damascus [em linha]

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