Sakyong Jamgon Mipham Rinpoche, Jampal Trinley Dradül, born Ösel Rangdröl Mukpo (November 1962), is a Tibetan Buddhist master and holder of the Sakyong Lineage of Mukpodong, his family lineage. The Sakyong was recognized by Penor Rinpoche in 1995 as the tülku (reincarnation) of Ju Mipham Gyatso, the renown Rimé teacher of the late 19th century who stated he would only be reborn in the legendary Kingdom of Shambhala.
Ösel Rangdröl Mukpo is the eldest son of Chögyam Trungpa and of Konchok Peldron (1931–2019), a Tibetan bhikṣuṇī (nun) that in 1959 joined Trungpa's group while they escaped from Tibet. He was born in 1962 in Bodh Gaya, India, where Konchok Peldron lived.[1][2] In 1969, he was sent to Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland where his father lived, and then was brought to North America in 1972, where he lived with his father and stepmother Diana Pybus Mukpo.[2] His mother moved to the renown Tibetan refugee colony and Buddhist center at Bir, India.[1]
In 1979, the Sakyong was chosen by Trungpa as his heir of the Shambala lineage, and he was conferred with the title of Sawang (Wyl. sa dbang, "Lord of the Earth").[2] His mother Lady Konchok Peldron in 1992 joined with the Shambhala organization at Karmê Chöling in Vermont, then moved to Boulder, Colorado.[1]
Upon Trungpa's death, the leadership of Vajradhatu was first carried on by his American disciple, appointed Vajra Regent and Dharma heir, Ösel Tendzin (Thomas Rich). By 1990, after the death of Tendzin, Sakyong Mipham assumed control of Vajradhatu and Shambhala.[2] Then in 1995 as he was recognized as the tulku of Ju Mipham Gyatso by the 3rd Pema Norbu Rinpoche, Penor Rinpoche also conferred his title as Sakyong (Wyl. sa skyong, "Protector of the Earth"). By 2000, both the Vajradhatu and Shambhala organizations were joined under the umbrella organization of Shambhala International.[2] The Sakyong led Shambhala International, a worldwide network of Buddhist meditation centers, retreat centers, a monastery, and other enterprises.
In July 2018, and after more than two decades, Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche agreed to temporarily step back from his administrative and teaching duties to allow space for an investigation into allegations of sexual misconduct.[3] He resumed teaching in late 2019. He stepped aside from the Shambhala organization in February 2022 after an impasse in which the Shambhala Board of Directors could not agree with the Sakyong Potrang—the organization representing the Sakyong—on a way forward together. The Sakyong moved to Nepal where he teaches his international sangha, and during most weekends he offers online teachings.[4]
Biography
Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche was born Ösel Rangdröl Mukpo in Bodh Gaya, India on the 15th day (full moon) of the 10th Lunar month, in November 1962 although his mother was not certain of the exact Western date.[5][6] His father, Chögyam Trungpa, was a Buddhist monk who escaped from Tibet in 1959, at age 20. His mother, Könchok Paldrön, was a nun who met Trungpa in 1959, in Tibet, and was among those who escaped with him to India.[7] For several years, Mukpo lived with his mother Konchuk Peldron in Bir, India, a Tibetan refugee colony in northwest India.[7][8] His father left India in early 1963 to study at Oxford University.[8]
At the age of seven, he went to live with his father at Samye Ling in Scotland.[7] Ösel was left at Samye Ling in the care of Akong Tulku Rinpoche when his father moved to North America in 1970. Later that year when Akong travelled to India, he left the boy in the care of Christopher and Pamela Woodman.[7][8] Diana Mukpo returned to retrieve the boy from the couple who were caring for him near Samye Ling but they refused to surrender him. British Social Services took custody of young Ösel and he was moved to Pestalozzi Village, a boarding school in East Sussex for displaced children of war conflicts, established before WWII.[9] He resided there until Social Services could conduct a home inspection in the U.S.[8] Young Ösel was released to his father's custody in 1972 after more than two years of separation in Britain.[5][8]
Ösel Mukpo has five half brothers : Two younger half-brothers by his father and Diana Mukpo, Gesar Mukpo and Tagtrug "Taggie" Mukpo; a half-brother, Gyurme Dorje Onchen, by his mother Lady Konchuk Paldron and her husband Lama Pema Gyaltson; and two younger step-brothers Ashoka Mukpo and David Mukpo, sons of Diana Mukpo and Mitchell Levy.[7]
In 1979, Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche performed a ceremony officially investing his son Ösel Rangdröl with the title of Sawang ("Earth Lord"). This confirmed Ösel as his Shambhala heir and the future Sakyong.[5]: 204 After his father's death in 1987, the Sawang began his studies with Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, in Nepal which continued until the Mahasiddah's death. At that time and at the instruction of Khyentse Rinpoche, Mukpo began his studies with Pema Norbu Rinpoche(Penor Rinpoche) in India where he attended Shedra at Namdrolling Monastery and continued to oversee the Vajradhatu community. The young Sakyong spent six months each year in the east in his studies, and six months in the west relating to the sangha.
When Trungpa Rinpoche's Regent Ösel Tendzin died in 1990, the 27-year-old Sawang was acknowledged by Jamgön Kongtrül Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche as Trungpa's successor in the Kagyu, Nyingma and Shambhala lineages and head of the Vajradhatu organization.[5]: 410–411 Upon discovering that Trungpa Rinpoche had given the boy the name Mipham Lhaga, Penor Rinpoche recognized Mukpo as the tulku of Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso, Mipham the Great,[5]: 413 and in May 1995 he was formally enthroned by Penor Rinpoche as Sakyong. Since then, he has been known by the title of Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche.
After assuming the leadership of Vajradhatu in 1990, the Sakyong completed his training under the guidance of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, and Penor Rinpoche. As he took his seat as Chödak [(Tib. ཆོས་བདག, Wyl. chos bdag), or custodian of a terma cycle] and holder of the Shambhala Terma cycle of his father, the Sakyong began moving the sangha to practice this cycle of teachings. He began by talking about the singularity of the Shambhala teachings and Buddhism, which had previously been taught separately. Shambhala Training had often been referred to as a "secular" path.
In 2002 the Sakyong began running. His first marathon was Toronto in 2003.[10] He trained and ran in nine marathons, including Big Sur, Chicago, and the New York and Boston Marathons in 2005[11][12]
In 2005 the Sakyong met and married Semo Tseyang Palmo Ripa, daughter of the Tibetan Buddhist Terton Namkha Drimed Rabjam Ripa Rinpoche, a Nyingma master and holder of the Ripa family lineage,[13] who is also seen as the manifestation of Atara Sale.
They first met when Penor Rinpoche invited the Gesar Lingdro dancers to perform at Namdroling monastery where the Sakyong was studying. The Sakyong's mother, Konchuk Peldron also knew the Ripa family, and had close ties to the bride's paternal uncle, though the Sakyong did not meet them until this time.[14]
In late 2008 and early 2009 the Sakyong received the Rinchen Terdzo, or the complete cycle of terma teachings of the Nyingma school of Buddhism from Namkha Drimed Rinpoche in Orissa, India.[15] This cycle of teachings had been given to Namkha Drimed Rinpoche by the Sakyong's father, Chogyam Trungpa in Tibet.
In 2009 he began teaching the Scorpion Seal terma, the highest teachings of the Shambhala lineage to more than two thousand students.[16] For the next several years he taught extensively on these deep teachings at the four Shambhala retreat centers, Shambhala Mountain Center in Colorado, Karme Choling, in Vermont, Dorje Denma Ling, in Nova Scotia, and Dechen Choling, in France. He continued to write and teach on this terma cycle until the summer of 2018.
In 2010 his first daughter, Jetsun Drukmo Yeshe Sarasvati Ziji Mukpo was born. The birth of their first child was also a year of deep retreat and writing for the Sakyong. The Sakyong's father had died at the age of 47, and so he marked this milestone by going into retreat in Nepal.
While on retreat he wrote volumes of practices and commentaries on the Buddhadharma and the Shambhala teachings of his father.[17] The Sakyong came out of retreat to teach, including giving an empowerment at Shambhala Mountain Center in the summer of 2010, and then returned to teaching full time in 2012.[18] Namkha Drimed Rinpoche also bestowed the Nyingma Kama empowerments on the Sakyong, which represent the oral transmission the Nyingma received from India from the time of their arrival in Tibet.
The Sakyong received the Gongter, or Mind Terma[19] of the Terton, Namkha Drimed Rinpoche in the fall of 2015.[20] This Gongter of Gesar of Ling teachings is the largest terma cycle of Gesar in the world.
Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche has written several books, including the national bestseller Turning the Mind into an Ally, Ruling Your World, Running with the Mind of Meditation, and The Shambhala Principle and The Lost Art of Conversation. His most recent book Garuda 108 Poems, was released in 2019. In 2018, he temporarily stepped back from all teaching and administrative duties to allow for an investigation and public discussion of his alleged sexual misconduct.[21] He resumed teaching with a small group of students in the Netherlands late in 2019, and then in March 2020, instructing a group of 108 students in Nepal.[22] His teachings have continued regularly in person and online since then.[23]
Shift in Shambhala
In 2000, the Sakyong began talking about Shambhala Buddhism as a single entity and path, with no separation between spiritual and secular. In 2004 at Vajrayana seminary at Shambhala Mountain Center, the Sakyong received and introduced the Primordial Rigden Ngondro, titled the Magical Heart of Shambhala. The following year, he held the first Rigden Abhisheka, an empowerment to practice the Vajrayana teachings of Shambhala. Later that year thangka painter Cynthia Moku, under the direction of the Sakyong released the first Thangka of the Primoridal Rigden deity.
The changes to the Shambhala curriculum, and the introduction of the Shambhala teachings as a Buddhist path led to some confusion in the minds of the community. Many people thought the Sakyong misunderstood what his father, Chögyam Trungpa, had intended with these teachings. There were actually complaints about the replacement of the primary thangka of Vajradhara with the Primordial Rigden from the organization's meditation centers. The curriculum was also changing as older programs initiated by Trungpa were replaced with shorter, more accessible programs. The Sakyong also stopped teaching the Kagyu teachings of his father, which he held and had offered through the 1990s.
In 2009 the Sakyong sent a letter to the community providing guidelines and restrictions on inviting teachers from other lineages to teach at Shambhala centers. This, he said, was to help us "know who we are" as a community. Students saw this as another change from how his father had done things. In response, older students began to migrate to other teachers who were teaching the Kagyu practices of his father. Many resented the direction he took the organization. By the time of the #MeToo sexual abuse scandals, older students had decided clearly that they were following the Shambhala Vajrayana of the Sakyong, or they had found other teachers.[24]
Controversies
In 2018, Buddhist Project Sunshine, an organization founded as a survivors' network for former Shambhala Buddhist members,[25] reported multiple allegations of sexual assault within the Shambhala community.[26][27][21] In response, and in order to allow time for the community to investigate these accusations, Sakyong Mipham temporarily stepped aside as leader, and the Shambhala governing council resigned and appointed an interim Board of Directors and a Process Team.[28][29][30] In response, Sakyong Mipham issued a letter to the community, saying that:
...some of these women have shared experiences of feeling harmed as a result of these relationships. I am now making a public apology. In addition, I would like you to know that over the years, I have apologized personally to people who have expressed feeling harmed by my conduct, including some of those who have recently shared their stories. I have also engaged in mediation and healing practices with those who have felt harmed. Thus I have been, and will continue to be, committed to healing these wounds."[31][32]
In July 2018, Naropa Institute removed Sakyong Mipham from their board following the allegations of sexual misconduct.[33]
In August 2018, Buddhist Project Sunshine released another report containing further allegations against Sakyong Mipham that included sexual encounters with minors,[34][35] a charge that the Sakyong has denied.[36] In December 2018, the Larimer County, Colorado Sheriff's Office opened an investigation of the allegations of sexual assault,[37][38] and the investigation was closed in February 2020, with no charges being filed.[39]
In February 2019, Shambhala International's interim governing council issued a report by Wickwire Holm, a Canadian law firm, that detailed two credible allegations of sexual misconduct against Sakyong Mipham.[40][41][42] Later that month, six members of his Kusung, the Shambhala body protectors, wrote an open letter corroborating a pattern of physical and sexual misconduct and other concerns.[43][44] Sakyong Mipham subsequently stated that he would cease teaching for the "foreseeable future".[45]
He returned to teaching in March 2020, leading a pilgrimage to Nepal and instructing a group of 108 students.[22] In September 2020, The Walrus published an investigative report detailing a culture of abuse dating back to early days of the Shambhala Buddhist organization, with all three leaders of the organization, including its founder, Chögyam Trungpa, having been credibly accused of sexual misconduct and abuse of power.[46]
Lineage of Sakyongs
The Lineage of Sakyongs is the Mukpo family lineage of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche. The Sakyong is the second in the family to hold this title and has the responsibility of propagating the teachings of Shambhala. This tradition emphasizes confidence in the basic goodness of all beings and teaches courageous self-rulership based on wisdom and compassion. The term "Sakyong" literally means "earth-protector" in Tibetan. Sakyongs are regarded as chögyals (Sanskritdharmarajas) – "kings of truth" or "Dharma Kings" – who combine the spiritual and worldly paths. This Shambhala path is specifically meant for lay practitioners.
In Tibetan Buddhism, the first Dharmaraja of Shambhala, Dawa Sangpo, was said to have been empowered directly by the Buddha. Dawa Sangpo recognized that he could not give up his throne and responsibilities in order to pursue the path of a monastic. Thus, he requested teachings that could allow him to continue to rule his kingdom, while practicing the dharma.
The Blazing Jewel of Sovereignty is the ritual empowerment for the Sakyong.
Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche was the first in this lineage of Sakyongs to receive this empowerment. He is referred to as the "Druk Sakyong", or "Dragon Earth-Protector". He received this ritual empowerment from Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche in Boulder, Colorado [citation needed].
Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche was first empowered as "Sawang" by his father, Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche in 1979. The empowerment of the Blazing Jewel of Sovereignty was conferred upon him by his teacher Penor Rinpoche in May 1995[47]
In April 2023, this empowerment was bestowed upon Sakyong Mipham Rinpoche's eldest daughter, Jetsun Drukmo Rinpoche, who will succeed him as lineage heir.
The consort of the Sakyong is referred to as the Sakyong Wangmo. The current Sakyong Wangmo is Sakyong Mipham's wife Khandro Tseyang Ripa Mukpo, the daughter of Terton Namkha Drimed Rabjam Rinpoche. The Sakyong and Sakyong Wangmo were married in a public ceremony on 10 June 2006 in Halifax, Nova Scotia.[48] Khandro Tseyang was officially empowered as Sakyong Wangmo by Penor Rinpoche at a ceremony in Halifax in August 2008.[49] The Sakyong and Sakyong Wangmo have three daughters. The first, Drukmo Yeshe Sarasvati Ziji Mukpo (Lady Dragon Wisdom), was born on 11 August 2010. The second, Jetsun Yudra Lhamo Yangchen Ziji Mukpo, was born 12 March 2013.[50] The third, Dzedrön Ökar Yangchen Ziji Mukpo, was born on 10 April 2015.[51]
Bibliography
Books
Garuda: 108 Poems, Kalapa Publications, 2019
The Lost Art of Good Conversation, Harmony Books, 2017, ISBN9780451499431
The Vow: Illuminating the Sun and Moon, Dragon, Shambhala Media, 2014
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