Piriproxifeno

Pyriproxyfen
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Nome IUPAC 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether
2-[1-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)propan-2-yloxy]pyridine
Identificadores
Número CAS 95737-68-1
PubChem 91753
ChemSpider 82851
KEGG C18605
ChEBI 39260
Código ATC P53AX23
SMILES
InChI
1/C20H19NO3/c1-16(23-20-9-5-6-14-21-20)15-22-17-10-12-19(13-11-17)24-18-7-3-2-4-8-18/h2-14,16H,15H2,1H3
Propriedades
Fórmula molecular C20H19NO3
Massa molar 321.369 g/mol
Densidade 1.2 g/cm3
Ponto de fusão

46 °C, 319 K, 115 °F

Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão
Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

O piriproxifeno  é um pesticida baseado na piridina e efetivo contra diversos artrópodes. Fabricado pelas empresas Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.,, Syngenta e BePharm Ltd., nos Estados Unidos, é vendido sob o nome comercial Nylar; na Europa, sob os nomes de Cyclio (Virbac) e Exil Flea Free TwinSpot (Emax). No Brasil, o produto é comercializado com nome de Tiger 100 CE, sendo usado para proteger plantações de algodão, entre muitas outras, contra moscas da famíla Aleyrodidae [1] e outros insetos sugadores.

Tem sido usado também como larvicida, no controle do mosquito Aedes aegypti,[2] vetor de viroses, como dengue, chicungunha e febre Zika por meio dos fumacês.

Boatos envolvendo piriproxifeno e microcefalia

Carro fumacê usado para a dispersão do piriproxifeno contra o Aedes aegypti durante uma epidemia de dengue em Coronel Fabriciano, no Brasil.

Em fevereiro de 2016, a Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco) divulgou uma nota técnica sobre a microcefalia e sua possível relação com doenças cujo vetor é o Aedes aegypti. Nessa nota, a Abrasco alertou sobre possíveis riscos associados ao uso do piriproxifeno como larvicida (geralmente adicionado a reservatórios e caixas de água), para combater a proliferação do mosquito.[3]

A nota suscitou algumas interpretações alarmistas que foram posteriormente desautorizadas pela Abrasco. Em comunicado à imprensa, a Associação esclareceu que "em momento nenhum afirmou que os pesticidas, larvicidas ou outro produto químico sejam responsáveis pelo aumento do número de casos de microcefalia no Brasil", mas que "todas as hipóteses devem ser investigadas".[4]

De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, a toxicidade do piriproxifeno tem sido estudada em ratos e coelhos. Em ratos, o piriproxifeno mostrou-se de baixa toxicidade e não teratogênico.[5]

Em uma análise de 2016 de especialistas australianos, embora não houvesse evidências conclusivas até aquele momento de que o vírus Zika seja, de fato, responsável pelo aumento da incidência de microcefalia no Brasil, a hipótese do piriproxifeno "simplesmente não é plausível."[6] O Rio Grande do Sul por via das dúvidas baniu o larvicida.[7]

O consenso científico é que o causador da microcefalia era, de fato, o vírus Zika.[8][9]

Referências

  1. ↑ Ishaaya, I; Horowitz, AR (1995). «Pyriproxyfen, a Novel Insect Growth Regulator for Controlling Whiteflies : Mechanisms and Resistance Management». Pestic. Sci. 43 (3): 227–232. doi:10.1002/ps.2780430308 
  2. ↑ Devine GJ., Sihuincha M. «Potential Use of Pyriproxyfen for Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iquitos, Peru». J Med Entomol. 2005 Jul;42(4):620-30. doi:10.1603/ME13043 
  3. ↑ Nota técnica sobre microcefalia e doenças vetoriais relacionadas ao Aedes aegypti: os perigos das abordagens com larvicidas e nebulizações químicas – fumacê
  4. ↑ Entidade diz ter sido mal-interpretada e não ver ligação entre microcefalia e larvicida
  5. ↑ Pyriproxyfen in Drinking-water: Use for Vector Control in Drinking-water Sources and Containers. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality.
  6. ↑ EXPERT REACTION: Is a pesticide, not Zika virus, causing microcephaly? 15 de fevereiro de 2016
  7. ↑ [https://www.rt.com/news/332692-zika-brazil-chemical-larvicide/ Brazilian state suspends chemical used to fight Zika over fears it may be behind brain defects]
  8. ↑ Bergamo, Carolina (15 de janeiro de 2019). «O zika vírus causa microcefalia?». Revista Saúde. 18 de novembro de 2015. Consultado em 22 de maio de 2019. Ele é transmitido pelo mesmo mosquito da dengue e provoca, sim, essa malformação fetal 
  9. ↑ Câmera, Aline; Boechat, Nara. «Vírus Zika e Microcefalia». Instituto Fernandes Figueira de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente. Consultado em 22 de maio de 2019 

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