Patriarcas bíblicos

Nota: Para outros significados, veja Patriarca (desambiguação).

Os Patriarcas (em hebraico: אבות; romaniz.: Avot ou Abot, singular em hebraico: אב; romaniz.: Ab ou aramaico: אבא, Abba) da Bíblia, em sua definição mais estrita, eram Abraão, seu filho Isaac e o filho deste, Jacó, que depois mudou seu nome para Israel, o ancestral dos antigos israelitas. Estes três são chamados coletivamente de "patriarcas do judaísmo" e o período no qual viveram é conhecido como era patriarcal. Eles tiveram papéis importantes nas escrituras judaicas durante e depois de suas vidas. Eles são também importantes para revelações (Êxodo 3:6) e promessas (Levítico 26:42) divinas e continuam a ser importantes para as religiões abraâmicas. Tanto o islamismo quanto o judaísmo ensinam que estes patriarcas e suas esposas principais – Sara (esposa de Abraão), Rebeca (esposa de Isaac) e Lea (uma das esposas de Jacó) – estão enterrados no Túmulo dos Patriarcas, no Hebrom, um local considerado sagrado por judeus, cristãos e muçulmanos. Apenas Raquel, a esposa preferida de Jacó, estaria enterrada num lugar diferente (o "Túmulo de Raquel", perto de Belém, onde, acredita-se, teria morrido no parto).

Em uma definição mais ampla, "patriarcas" é um termo utilizado para fazer referência aos vinte e quatro ancestrais entre Adão e Abraão. Os primeiros dez são chamados de patriarcas antediluvianos, pois vieram antes do Dilúvio.

Cronologia dos patriarcas

A idade ao morrer de cada um dos patriarcas do Gênesis são: Adão, 930 anos; Sete, 912; Enos, 905; Cainã 910; Malalel, 895; Jarede, 962; Enoque 365 (não morreu, foi levado por Deus), Matusalém, 969; Lameque, 777; Noé, 950.^[1] Porém, estes períodos de vida já provocaram muitos problemas para os estudiosos da Bíblia, como mostra a citação abaixo:

“

As longas vidas atribuídas aos patriarcas causam incríveis sincronismos e duplicações. Adão viveu para ver o nascimento de Lameque, o nono membro de sua genealogia; Sete viveu para ver Enoque ser levado e morreu pouco antes do nascimento de Noé. Noé viveu mais que o avô de Abraão, Naor, e morreu quando Abrão tinha sessenta anos. Sem, filho de Noé, viveu mais que ele e estava vivo quando Esaú e Jacó nasceram!^[2]

”

Explanation of color-codes:

Idade segundo a Septuaginta: Preto (^▄▄) e cinza (^▄▄)
Idade segundo a Peshitta: Dourado (^▄▄) e amarelo (^▄▄)
Idade segundo o Texto Massorético: Vermelho (^▄▄) e vermelhão (^▄▄)

Ver também

Cronologia da Bíblia

Referências

↑ Ages of the patriarchs in Genesis
↑ Von Rad, G. (trans Marks, J. H.) 1961 Genesis - a commentary Philadelphia: Westminster Press

Ligações externas

«Timeline of the Patriarchs» (em inglês). Dark Mirrors of Heaven. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2015. Arquivado do original em 30 de abril de 2008

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