Patologia molecular

A patologia molecular é uma disciplina emergente dentro da patologia dedicada ao estudo e diagnóstico de doenças através do exame de moléculas em órgãos, tecidos ou fluidos corporais.[1] A patologia molecular mescla alguns aspectos da prática com a patologia anatômica e clínica, biologia molecular, bioquímica, proteômica e genética, e por algumas vezes é considerada uma disciplina "cruzada". Possui natureza multidisciplinar e é voltada principalmente para os aspectos submicroscópicos da doença. É importante se levar em consideração que um diagnóstico mais preciso é possível quando o diagnóstico possui base em alterações morfológicas nos tecidos (patologia anatômica tradicional) e em testes moleculares.[2]

É uma disciplina científica que dá ênfase ao desenvolvimento de abordagens moleculares e genéticas para diagnosticar e classificar doenças humanas, conceber e validar biomarcadores preditivos para responder ao tratamento e progressão da doença, dar susceptibilidade para indivíduos de constituição genética diferente desenvolverem doenças.

A patologia molecular é bastante usada para diagnosticar o câncer e doenças infecciosas. As técnicas são amplas, porém incluem quantitativa da reação em cadeia da polimerase (qPCR), PCR multiplex, microarrays de ADN, hibridação in situ, na sequenciação de ARN in situ,[3] sequenciação de ADN, anticorpo baseado em imunofluorescência ensaios de tecidos, perfil molecular de agentes patogénicos, e análise de genes bacterianos para resistência antimicrobiana.[4]

A integração da "patologia molecular" com a "epidemiologia" levou a um campo interdisciplinar, chamado de "epidemiologia patológica molecular" (MPE),[5][6][7] que representa a biologia molecular integrativa e a ciência da saúde populacional.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Harris TJ, McCormick F (2010). «The molecular pathology of cancer». Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 7 (5): 251–265. PMC 2222796Acessível livremente. PMID 20351699. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.41 
  2. ↑ Cai, H; Caswell JL; Prescott JF (Março de 2014). «Nonculture Molecular Techniques for Diagnosis of Bacterial Disease in Animals: A Diagnostic Laboratory Perspective». Veterinary Pathology. 51 (2): 341–350. PMID 24569613 
  3. ↑ Ke, Rongqin; Mignardi, Marco; Pacureanu, Alexandra; Svedlund, Jessica; Botling, Johan; Wählby, Carolina; Nilsson, Mats (14 de julho de 2013). «In situ sequencing for RNA analysis in preserved tissue and cells». Nature Methods (em inglês). 10 (9): 857–860. ISSN 1548-7091. PMID 23852452. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2563 
  4. ↑ Cai, H; Caswell JL; Prescott JF (Março de 2014). «Nonculture Molecular Techniques for Diagnosis of Bacterial Disease in Animals: A Diagnostic Laboratory Perspective». Veterinary Pathology. 51 (2): 341–350. PMID 24569613 
  5. ↑ Ogino, Shuji; Stampfer, Meir (17 de março de 2010). «Lifestyle Factors and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer: The Evolving Field of Molecular Pathological Epidemiology». Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 102 (6): 365-7. PMC 2841039Acessível livremente. PMID 20208016. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq031 
  6. ↑ Ogino S, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of colorectal neoplasia: an emerging transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary field. Gut 2011; 60: 397-411.
  7. ↑ Ogino S, Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Cho E, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt AJ, Meissner A, Schernhammer ES, Fuchs CS, Giovannucci E. Molecular pathological epidemiology of epigenetics: emerging integrative science to analyze environment, host, and disease. Mod Pathol 2013; 26: 465-84.
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