Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
Nascimento 21 de abril de 1397
Florença
Morte 10 de maio de 1482
Florença
Cidadania República Florentina
Alma mater
Ocupação astrônomo, matemático, bibliotecário, arquiteto, médico, cartógrafo, geógrafo
Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli.

Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli (Florença, 1397 — Florença, 10 de Maio de 1482) foi um matemático, astrónomo e geógrafo italiano. Teria influenciado Cristóvão Colombo na formação do seu projecto de atingir o Extremo Oriente viajando para ocidente a partir da costa atlântica europeia.

Biografia

Toscanelli nasceu em Florença, filho do médico Dominico Toscanelli. Destinado a seguir a carreira paterna, estudou matemática na Universidade de Pádua, onde em 1424 obteve o título de doutor em medicina.

Frequentador da corte dos Médicis, foi cientista reputado na sua época, em particular pela observação de cometas e pelo cálculo das suas órbitas. Entre os cometas que estudou conta-se o cometa de Halley durante a sua passagem de 1456.

Em 1474 escreveu uma carta, acompanhada de um mapa, ao seu correspondente português Fernão Martins, cónego da Sé de Lisboa, fazendo, através deste chegar a sua proposta ao Rei D. Afonso V. O seu projecto era, basicamente, o de navegar para ocidente e assim descobrir a Ásia pelo Oeste. O original desta carta nunca foi encontrado, mas sabe-se da sua existência pelo próprio Toscanelli, que depois a transcreveu e enviou a Cristóvão Colombo, a acompanhar a sua sugestão de viajar para Oeste para atingir a Ásia.

O objectivo de Toscanelli de atingir as Ilhas das Especiarias navegando para oeste assentava num erro por defeito do cálculo do tamanho da Terra e da extensão da Ásia, razão que levou Colombo a considerar que atingira a região oriental da Ásia em vez de colocar a hipótese de ter encontrado um novo continente.

Bibliografia

  • Armando Cortesão, Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga, Lisboa, 1960;
  • Armando Costesão, História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 volumes, Lisboa, 1969-1970;
  • G. Uzielli, La Vita e i tempi di Paolo di Pozo Toscanelli, Roma 1894.

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