Nordeste da Índia

As regiões consideradas como integrando a "Índia do Nordeste"

Designa-se como Índia do Nordeste a região norte-oriental da Índia contendo os chamados Sete Estados Irmãos (estados de Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, e Tripura), o estado de Sikkim e ainda partes de Bengala do Norte (distritos de Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri e Koch Bihar).

A Índia do Nordeste é etnicamente diferenciada do resto da Índia, e tem fortes laços étnicos e culturais com a Ásia Oriental e o Sudeste Asiático, com fortes culturas que não foram abrangidas pela sanscritização como os Kuki e outras tribos. Do ponto de vista linguístico a região tem uma predominância de línguas da matriz tibetano-birmanesa. É oficialmente reconhecida aos oito estados uma categoria especial no território indiano. Foi formado o chamado North Eastern Council (NEC)[1] em 1971 como agência formal para o desenvolvimento económico e social da região.

É uma zona onde os vários problemas político-étnicos são de difícil solução, e a integração política com o resto da União Indiana tem sofrido durante décadas de problemas de revoltas,[2] tendo levado a múltiplas ações militares e policiais.[3] Comparada com o resto da Índia, a população é escassa, somando 3,8% do total do país. Em 2011 contavam-se cerca de 39 milhões de habitantes.

Entre os estados da região, Sikkim tornou-se protetorado indiano em 1947 e estado em 1975. O Corredor de Siliguri em Bengala Ocidental, com uma largura média de 21 km a 40 km, liga a região nordeste ao resto da Índia. Mais de 2 000 km de fronteiras são partilhados com outros países: Nepal, China, Butão, Mianmar e Bangladesh.

A Índia do Nordeste tem um clima predominantemente húmido subtropical. Os verões são quentes e húmidos, com monções fortes e invernos suaves. Há ainda florestas tropicais. Os estados de Arunachal Pradesh e Sikkim têm clima alpino com inversos muito frios com fortes nevões e verões suaves.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «North East Council». Consultado em 21 de janeiro de 2012. Arquivado do original em 15 de abril de 2012 
  2. ↑ Sanjib Baruah (2001) Generals as Governors: The parallel political system of Northeast India Arquivado em 3 de julho de 2009, no Wayback Machine.
  3. ↑ «Seventh Kamal Kumari Memorial Lecture.». Consultado em 21 de janeiro de 2012. Arquivado do original em 25 de maio de 2006 

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