Menipo de Gadara

Menipo de Gadara
Menipo de Gadara
Menipo por Diego Velázquez
Nascimento 300 a.C.
Gadara
Morte 260 a.C.
Tebas
Ocupação poeta, escritor, filósofo, comediante
Movimento estético cinismo
Causa da morte forca

Menipo, em grego clássico: Μένιππος, foi um cínico e escritor sarcástico e burlesco que existiu por volta da primeira metade do século III a.C. Seu nome inspirou a criação do gênero literário chamado de Sátira menipeia.[1] Suas obras, que estão todas perdidas, seu estilo e escolha de assuntos influenciaram importantes escritores da antiguidade,[2] os dois únicos escritores antigos que explicitamente ligam as suas obras à Menipo são Varro, que escreveu o que São Jerônimo rotula como Satirarum Menippearum Libros CL, e Luciano, que escreveu vários diálogos com Menipo sendo um personagem.[3]

Vida

Pouco se sabe sobre a vida de Menipo. Ele era natural de Gadara em Cele-Síria.[4] As fontes antigas concordam que ele era um escravo. Ele estava a serviço de um cidadão de Ponto, mas, de alguma forma obteve sua liberdade e viveu em Tebas. Diógenes Laércio[5] relata uma história duvidosa que ele acumulou uma fortuna como agiota, a perdeu e então se matou.[6]

Obras

Sua obras, todas perdidas, incluem: [7][8]

  • Νέκυια – Necromancia
  • Διαθῆκαι – Desejos
  • Ἐπιστολαὶ κεκομψευμέναι ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν προσώπου – Cartas Espirituosas Escritas como que pelos Deuses
  • Πρὸς τοὺς φυσικοὺς καὶ μαθηματικοὺς καὶ γραμματικοὺς – Respostas aos filósofos naturais, matemáticos e gramáticos
  • Γονὰς Ἐπικούρου – O nascimento de Epicuro
  • Τὰς θρησκευομένας ὑπ' αὐτῶν εἰκάδας – A reverência da Escola do vigésimo dia (comemorado na escola epicurista)

Referências

  1. ↑ Luciano de Samósata (1989). Diálogos dos Mortos [Bilíngüe Grego-Português]. EdUSP. p. 50. ISBN 978-85-314-1036-9.
  2. ↑ Luis E. Navia (1996). Classical Cynicism: A Critical Study. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-313-30015-8.
  3. ↑ Leah Kronenberg (2009). Allegories of Farming from Greece and Rome: Philosophical Satire in Xenophon, Varro, and Virgil. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-139-48863-1.
  4. ↑ Estêvão de Bizâncio, Estrabão, xvi.
  5. ↑ Diógenes Laércio, vi. 99, 100
  6. ↑ "A tradição que ele era um agiota e especulador de seguro marítimo é provavelmente apócrifa, permanecendo como sempre na duvidosa autoridade de Hermipo de Esmirna.", Donald R. Dudley (March 2007). A History of Cynicism - From Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D.. Read Books. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-4067-0890-5.
  7. ↑ R. BRACHT BRANHAM; MARIE-ODILE-GOULET CAZE. Os Cínicos. LOYOLA. p. 88. ISBN 978-85-15-03223-5.
  8. ↑ Diógenes Laércio, Vidas e Doutrinas dos Filósofos Ilustres, vi. 101

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