MV Le Joola

Le Joola
Senegal
Proprietário Governo do Senegal
Operador Forças Armadas do Senegal
Fabricante Schiffswerft Germersheim, Alemanha
Rota Dakar a Casamance
Estado Destruído
Destino Afundou na costa da Gâmbia
em 26 de setembro de 2002
Características gerais
Classe Roll-on/roll-off ferry
Tonelagem 2 087 t
Comprimento 79 m
Boca 12 m
Calado 3,1 m
Tripulação 44
Passageiros 1 863

MV Le Joola foi um navio de transporte de passageiros, que era propriedade do governo senegalês e que afundou na costa da Gâmbia em 26 de setembro de 2002, deixando 1863 mortes e 64 sobreviventes. Pensa-se que seja o segundo pior desastre não-militar da história marítima.[1][2]

O navio seguia uma rota de Ziguinchor, na região de Casamance, até à capital senegalesa, Dakar, quando ocorreu uma violenta tempestade. Os 2000 passageiros estimados a bordo (cerca de metade dos quais não possuíam passagem) teriam atingido pelo menos três vezes a lotação do navio. O grande número de pessoas dormindo no convés (e, portanto, acima do seu centro de flutuação) adicionou mais instabilidade. As operações de resgate demoraram horas para iniciar.[3]

As investigações concluíram que o motivo foi, principalmente, negligência e acusações foram feitas contra o presidente e a primeira ministra do Senegal.[4]

O navio

O navio foi nomeado Le Joola em homenagem ao povo Joola do sul do Senegal. Foi construído na Alemanha e foi entregue em 1990. Tinha 79 m de comprimento e 12 m de largura, dois motores e estava equipado com alguns dos mais recentes equipamentos de segurança disponíveis no mercado. Le Joola costumava viajar duas vezes por semana e muitas vezes carregava mulheres que vendiam mangas e óleo de palma em Dakar. No momento do desastre, o navio estava fora de serviço por quase um ano, passando por reparos, que incluíam a substituição do motor.[5]

Desastre

Por volta das 13h30 do dia 26 de setembro de 2002, o Le Joola partiu de Ziguinchor, na região de Casamance, em uma de suas frequentes viagens entre o sul do Senegal e Dakar. Embora o navio tenha sido projetado para transportar um máximo de 580 passageiros e tripulantes, acredita-se que 1863 passageiros estivessem a bordo, incluindo 185 pessoas que embarcaram no navio em Carabane, uma ilha onde não havia porto para entrada ou saída para passageiros. O número exato de passageiros permanece desconhecido (algumas organizações senegalesas colocam o número em mais de 2000), mas havia 1.034 viajantes com passagens. O restante dos passageiros não era obrigado a possuir bilhetes (crianças com menos de 5 anos) ou tinha permissão para viajar de graça, como costumava acontecer.[6]

A última ligação da equipe da balsa foi transmitida para um centro de segurança marítima em Dakar às 22 horas e relatou boas condições de navegação. Por volta das 23 horas, o navio se partiu em uma tempestade na costa da Gâmbia. Como resultado do mar agitado e do vento, a balsa virou, jogando passageiros e carga no mar, tudo em cinco minutos.[7]

Referências

  1. «Senegal lembra naufrágio que matou mais de 1.800 pessoas». Globo. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 
  2. «Hundreds lost as Senegal ferry sinks». BBC. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 
  3. «Naufrágio do "Titanic senegalês" completa 10 anos; 1,8 mil morreram». Terra. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 
  4. «Sénégal: Dossier du naufrage du bateau « Le Joola » - les mandats d'arrêt internationaux contre mame madior boye et cie annulés». allAfrica. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 
  5. «Africa's Titanic: Seeking justice a decade after Joola». BBC. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 
  6. «Q&A: What caused the Joola ferry disaster?». BBC. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 
  7. «Search ends under Senegal ferry». BBC. Consultado em 20 de março de 2020 

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