Máscara de proteção

Uma máscara de proteção é utilizada como um equipamento a mais para se prevenir de possíveis contágios ou doenças. A palavra máscara veio do italiano "maschera" que significa (a cavado do francês), mas sua origem não é certa; no entanto esse termo não era utilizado como algo preventivo, mas sim como acessório para atores nos teatros da antiguidade.

História

Os primeiros registros de uso de máscara são da época pré-histórica usada em uma região da Europa, provavelmente como símbolo a uma espécie de ritual. Ao longo dos anos as máscaras foram usadas com cunho religioso e teatral, acredita-se que só fora aplicada no ramo da proteção quando usada em armaduras medievais para auxílio do combatente. Já na esfera da saúde, foi implementada no século XVII contra a peste negra ou bubônica, em formato de bico de pássaro.

Atualmente em 2020, o mundo aumentou substancialmente a produção de venda de máscaras para proteção respiratória devido a pandemia causada pelo COVID-19. No Brasil o uso de máscaras vai além de uma questão de amparo, mas sim de uma questão financeira visto que o país tinha 13,5 milhões de pessoas na pobreza extrema em 2018 segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Diante disso, uma alternativa para as máscaras sintéticas[1] foram as máscaras de tecido que seguia um padrão divulgado pela OMS e como confeccionar em casa.

Tipos

Primordialmente existem dois tipos gerais de máscara: as cirúrgicas e a com filtro (que tem três subdivisões). As cirúrgicas têm esse nome pois são utilizadas nos centros cirúrgicos e são as menos indicadas conta o COVID-19, já que não impede a transmissão viral. Já as com filtro (tem três níveis) são as mais eficazes, os níveis são:

  • PRIMEIRO NÍVEL: FFP1 ou P1, é a menos eficiente do grupo, protege apenas de partículas inertes.
  • SEGUNDO NÍVEL: FFP2 ou P2, é relativa pois protege apenas 92% e a OMS indica usar uma 95% sem válvula (mas ainda é recomendada).
  • TERCEIRO NÍVEL: FFP3, permite apenas a entrada de menos de 2% das partículas circulantes.

Referências

  1. ↑ «Brazilian Dentists Invented 3D Mask To Prevent COVID-19 Contamination». Transcontinental Times (em inglês). 19 de agosto de 2020. Consultado em 1 de novembro de 2020 

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