João I de Brabante

João I de Brabante
João I de Brabante
Joan I de Brabant representat en el còdex Manesse, a la batalla de Worringen
Pseudônimo(s) Gambrinus
Nascimento 1252
Bruxelas
Morte 3 de maio de 1294
Bar-le-Duc
Sepultamento Bruxella 1238
Progenitores
Cônjuge Margarida da França, Margarida de Dampierre
Filho(a)(s) João II de Brabante, Margarida de Brabante, Maria de Brabante, Jean Meeuwe, Margarida de Tervueren, Gilles van der Balcht, Jean van der Plasch, Jean Pylyser, Jan van Mechelen, Bastaard van Brabant, Jean Meeuwe bastaard van Brabant, Heer van Dongelberghe & Wavrin
Irmão(ã)(s) Maria de Brabante, Henrique IV de Brabante, Godofredo de Brabante
Ocupação escritor, político, compositor, poeta
Título Duke of Brabant
Religião cristianismo

João I de Brabante, o Vitorioso (Bruxelas, 1253 – Bar-le-Duc, 3 de maio de 1294) foi duque de Brabante de 1267 a 1294 e duque de Limburgo de 1288 a 1294, filho de Henrique III, duque de Brabante, e de Adelaide da Borgonha.

Biografia

Seu irmão mais velho, deficiente mental, é deposto do ducado em 1267 e internado por uma ordem sua, sucede-o.

Reaproxima-se da realeza francesa ao casar-se com uma filha de São Luís, mas ela morre pouco depois. No entanto, os laços com a França perduram, e o novo rei francês, Filipe III, casa-se em 1274 com uma irmã sua.

Em 1276, une-se ao exército de seu cunhado para defender os direitos de Afonso de la Cerda contra Sancho IV de Castela, e depois participa, em 1285, na Cruzada de Aragão. Luta também contra muitos dos vizinhos do Ducado de Brabante.

Em 1283, a duquesa Ermengarda de Limburgo falece e o imperador Rodolfo I de Habsburgo permite que o ducado passe, sob aluguer, ao viúvo, Reinaldo I de Guéldria, ignorando os pedidos de Adolfo V de Berg, que o reivindica. Sem poder fazer valer suas pretensões através das armas, Adolfo V de Berg vende seus direitos a João I de Brabante, que parte para a conquista do Ducado de Limburgo. Seguem cinco anos de guerras, que terminam na batalha de Worringen, onde João vence Reinaldo I de Guéldria e seus aliados. Reinaldo é obrigado a renunciar a Limburgo em 15 de outubro de 1289.

Nos anos seguintes, João I se reaproxima da Inglaterra, casando seu filho a uma filha de Eduardo I.

João de Brabant

Jan I é considerado um modelo perfeito de príncipe feudal: bravo, aventuroso, excelente em qualquer tipo de atividade física, amante das aparências e de temperamento generoso. Isto o fez muito popular na imaginação coletiva e na literatura da Idade Média. Até hoje existe uma ode a ele, tão conhecida que foi uma candidata ao hino de Brabante do Norte. Também ficou conhecido por seus muitos filhos ilegítimos. Impressionava em torneios e adorava participar em duelos.

Em 1294, acompanha o conde de Bar Henrique III que vem desposar uma filha de Eduardo I. Dão-se muitas festas e torneios. Durante um duelo, Jan I cai sob seu próprio cavalo, gravemente ferido no braço pela lança de seu adversário. Falece naquela mesma noite.

Casamentos e filhos

Casa-se em primeiras noites, em fevereiro de 1271, com Margarida de França (1255 † 1272), filha de São Luís, rei de França e de Margarida de Provença, e têm:

  • um filho, nascido e morto em setembro de 1272.

Viúvo, casa-se novamente em 1273 com Margarida de Flandres (1251 † 1285), filha de Guido de Dampierre, conde de Flandres e de Mathilde de Béthune. Têm:

Precedido por
Henrique IV		 duque de Brabante

 Sucedido por
João II
Precedido por
Reinaldo I		 duque de Limburgo

 Sucedido por
João II
Controle de autoridade

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