Jenipapo

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Jenipapo (desambiguação).
Jenipapo

Jenipapo é o fruto do jenipapeiro (Genipa americana), uma árvore que chega a vinte metros de altura e é da família Rubiaceae, a mesma do café. É encontrada em toda a América tropical. No Brasil, encontramos pés de jenipapo nativos na Amazônia e na mata atlântica, principalmente em matas mais úmidas, ou próximo a rios — a planta inclusive aguenta encharcamento. Em guarani, jenipapo significa "fruta que serve para pintar". Isso porque, do sumo do fruto verde, se extrai uma tinta com a qual se pode pintar a pele, paredes, cerâmica etc. O jenipapo é usado por muitas etnias da América do Sul como pintura corporal e some depois de aproximadamente duas semanas.[1] A bela coloração azul-escura formada deve-se ao contacto da genipina contida nos frutos verdes com as proteínas da pele, sob ação do oxigênio atmosférico.[2]

Descrição

O fruto é uma baga subglobosa geralmente de cor amarelo-pardacenta. Sua polpa tem cheiro forte e é comestível, mas é mais apreciada na forma de compotas, doces, xaropes, bebida refrigerante, bebida vinosa e licor.

O licor de jenipapo é uma bebida apreciada na Bahia, em Pernambuco e em cidades de Goiás, inclusive muito vendida em comércios de cidades turísticas como Caldas Novas e Jataí. Nas festas juninas da Bahia, o licor de jenipapo é o mais apreciado e os mais famosos são produzidos no Recôncavo baiano, de forma artesanal, em toneis que ficam em infusão por um ano até serem envasados e consumidas no São João. As cidades com maior tradição na fabricação deste tipo de bebida são Santo Antônio de Jesus, Maragojipe, Cachoeira, Cruz das Almas e Santo Amaro[3].

Algumas partes do jenipapeiro (como a raiz, as folhas e o fruto) têm diferentes propriedades medicinais. As cascas do caule e as cascas do fruto verde são usadas também para curtir couro, por serem ricas em tanino. O jenipapo usado em forma de garrafada serve para emagrecimento e junção em dietas para redução de colesterol ruim.[carece de fontes?]

Referências

  1. ↑ Rizzini, C.T., Mors, W.B. Botânica Econômica Brasileira. São Paulo: Edusp, 1976. p.155.
  2. ↑ Djerassi C., Gray J.D., Kincl F.A. Naturally Occurring Oxygen Heterocyclics. IX. Isolation and Characterization of Genipin. J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 2174-2177.
  3. ↑ Moraes, Fernanda; Ferreira, Diego; Saba, Hugo (21 de maio de 2018). Indicação de procedência: potencial do recôncavo da Bahia no reconhecimento da produção artesanal de licores de frutas. [S.l.: s.n.] 

Ligações externas

Wikcionário
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