Jean Bart (couraçado de 1911)

Jean Bart
 França
Operador Marinha Nacional Francesa
Fabricante Arsenal de Brest
Homônimo Jean Bart
Batimento de quilha 15 de novembro de 1910
Lançamento 22 de setembro de 1911
Comissionamento 19 de novembro de 1913
Descomissionamento 15 de agosto de 1935
Renomeado Océan (1937–1945)
Destino Desmontado
Características gerais
Tipo de navio Couraçado (1911–1934)
Navio-escola (1934–1936)
Navio alojamento (1936–1945)
Classe Courbet
Deslocamento 25 580 t
Maquinário 2 turbinas a vapor
24 caldeiras
Comprimento 166 m
Boca 27 m
Calado 9 m
Propulsão 4 hélices
- 28 000 cv (20 600 kW)
Velocidade 21 nós (39 km/h)
Autonomia 4 200 milhas náuticas a 10 nós
(7 800 km a 19 km/h)
Armamento 12 canhões de 305 mm
22 canhões de 138 mm
4 canhões de 47 mm
4 tubos de torpedo de 450 mm
Blindagem Cinturão: 140 a 250 mm
Convés: 40 a 70 mm
Torres de artilharia: 250 a 360 mm
Torre de comando: 266 mm
Tripulação 1 115

O Jean Bart foi um couraçado da Classe Courbet, o primeiro de tipo dreadnought da Marinha Nacional Francesa.[1] O seu nome honra o corsário Jean Bart.

História

Logo após o seu comissionamento em 1913, ele transportou o Presidente Raymond Poincaré numa viagem oficial à Rússia.[2]

Quando se desencadeou a Primeira Guerra Mundial, ele foi torpedeado no Mar Adriático pelo submarino austríaco k.u.k. U12 perto de Otranto a 21 de Setembro de 1914.[1] A partir de 26 de Dezembro de 1914 esteve em reparações em Malta. Em 1918 esteve ao serviço junto à costa grega.[3]

Em Abril de 1919, enquanto ajudava à defesa de Sebastopol do avanço das tropas Bolcheviques, a tripulação amotinou-se, pois a tripulação alegava que a operação não estava autorizada, para além de ter brandas simpatias com os Bolcheviques.[4]

Em 1920 o navio voltou a Toulon e foi utilizado para treino da escola naval a partir de 1935. Em 1936 o seu nome foi alterado para Océan.

Em 1942, quando as tropas alemãs ocuparam a França de Vichy, o Océan foi capturado a 27 de Setembro de 1942 em Toulon, no mesmo dia em que a frota francesa se auto-afundou. Nessa altura, o Océan era já completamente obsoleto e não possuia capacidade para navegar.

Em 1946 foi desmantelado.

Bibliografia

  • Dumas, Robert (1985). John Roberts. ed. The French Dreadnoughts: The 23,500 ton Courbet Class. Warship. IX. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 154–164, 223–231. ISBN 0-87021-984-7. OCLC 26058427.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds (1984). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906-1922. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Whitley, M. J. (1998). Battleships of World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-184-X.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b Guðmundur Helgason. «Ships hit during WWI, Jean Bart» (em inglês). Consultado em 30 de julho de 2011 
  2. ↑ Scheer, Reinhard. «Germany's High Seas Fleet in the World War». Consultado em 30 de julho de 2011 
  3. ↑ Erwin Sieche. «French Naval Operations, Engagements and Ship Losses in the Adriatic in World War One» (em inglês). Consultado em 30 de julho de 2011 
  4. ↑ Kettle, Michael (1981). Russia and the Allies, 1917-1920 (em inglês) 1 ed. London: A. Deutsch. pp. 283–284. ISBN 0233970789 

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