Incitar a subversão do poder estatal

Incitar a subversão do poder estatal é um crime sob a lei da República Popular da China. É o artigo 105, parágrafo 2 da revisão de 1997 do Código Penal da República Popular da China.[1]

O crime de "incitação à subversão" está relacionado a leis chinesas anteriores que criminalizavam atividades consideradas "contrarrevolucionárias". Como ocorreu com sua antecessora, a acusação é exercida pelo governo como um instrumento de repressão política.[2] O governo chinês frequentemente usa "incitar a subversão do poder estatal" como uma acusação "pega-tudo" usada para atingir e prender ativistas políticos, ativistas de direitos humanos e dissidentes.[3] Em 2009, o proeminente dissidente e ganhador do Prêmio Nobel da Paz Liu Xiaobo foi condenado a 11 anos de prisão por "incidente de subversão do poder do Estado" com base em sua redação do manifesto da Carta 08 pedindo reforma política.[2] Um relatório de 2008 do site Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) lista 34 pessoas condenadas sob esta lei, muitas delas por terem postado artigos na internet que criticavam o governo.[4] As autoridades chinesas usaram a acusação contra advogados e ativistas de direitos humanos chineses na repressão 709, que começou em 2015.[5] Em 2019, Zhen Jianghua, ativista de direitos humanos e ativista anticensura, foi condenado a dois anos de prisão por “incitar a subversão do poder estatal”;[6][7] mais tarde no mesmo ano, Wang Yi, o pastor da Early Rain Covenant Church, uma igreja doméstica com sede em Chengdu (congregação operando fora do controle do governo), foi condenado e sentenciado a nove anos de prisão sob a acusação de "operação comercial ilegal" e incitando a subversão do poder estatal.[3]

Texto da lei

Artigo 105, Parágrafo 2, Código Penal de 1997 da República Popular da China (tradução de Wei Luo):

"Quem usar boatos, calúnias ou outros meios para encorajar a subversão do poder político do Estado ou derrubar o sistema socialista, será condenado a prisão de até cinco anos. No entanto, os líderes e qualquer um cujo crime seja monstruoso serão condenados a pena de prisão não inferior a cinco anos."[1]

Relatório da ONU de 1997

O Grupo de Trabalho das Nações Unidas sobre Detenção Arbitrária informou sobre a nova lei em sua 'visita ao país' de 1997 à China. Previu corretamente que a linguagem vaga da lei permitiria que ela fosse usada contra a 'comunicação de pensamentos ou ideias'.[8] Uma citação do relatório:

45. O Artigo 105 é outro exemplo de uma definição ampla e imprecisa vulnerável a ser tanto mal aplicada quanto abusada. O artigo define o crime que cobre como "organizar, planejar e agir para subverter o poder político do Estado e derrubar o sistema socialista" e "incitação para subverter o poder político do Estado e derrubar o sistema socialista por meio de rumores, difamação e outros meios". O conceito de "outros meios" é aberto a interpretações muito amplas.
46. Sob o Artigo 105, mesmo a comunicação de pensamentos e ideias ou até mesmo opiniões sem a intenção de cometer nenhum ato violento ou criminoso, pode ser considerado subversão. Normalmente, um ato de subversão requer mais do que a mera comunicação de pensamentos e ideias.[8]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b The 1997 Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China, Volume 1 of Chinese law series, Laws, etc. (Chinese law series) ; v. 1, by Wei Luo, published by Wm. S. Hein Publishing, 1998, ISBN 1-57588-398-8, ISBN 978-1-57588-398-4, page 73, via books.google.com on 10 10 9
  2. ↑ a b Joshua Rosenzweig, "The Sky Is Falling: Inciting Subversion and the Defense of Liu Xiaobo" in Liu Xiaobo, Charter 08 and the Challenges of Political Reform in China (Hong Kong University Press: 2012), pp. 31-33.
  3. ↑ a b China: "Appalling" jail sentence for outspoken pastor makes mockery of religious freedoms, Amnesty International (December 30, 2019).
  4. ↑ "Inciting Subversion of State Power": A Legal Tool for Prosecuting Free Speech in China, Chinese Human Rights Defenders, January 8, 2008.
  5. ↑ Third Anniversary of the lawyers crackdown in China: Where are the human rights lawyers?, Amnesty International (July 9, 2018).
  6. ↑ CHINA: ACTIVIST SENTENCED TO TWO YEARS IN PRISON: ZHEN JIANGHUA, Amnesty International (January 2, 2019).
  7. ↑ China: Free Anti-Censorship Activist: Zhen Jianghua Held Incommunicado, Denied Access to Lawyer, Human Rights Watch (April 2, 2018).
  8. ↑ a b Report submitted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention Arquivado em 2010-03-23 no Wayback Machine, Addendum, Visit to the People's Republic of China, 1997, United Nations pdf link

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