Imbolc

Neo-pagan wheel of the year

O Imbolc, Imbolg ou Oilmec é um festival gaélico que marca o início da primavera. É comumente realizado nos primeiros dias de fevereiro ou a meio caminho entre o solstício de inverno e o equinócio de primavera.[1][2] Historicamente, o festival de Imbolc foi observado na Irlanda, Escócia e Ilha de Man. É considerado com um dos quatro festivais sazonais gaélicos, junto com Beltane, Lughnasadh e Samhain.[3] Também corresponde ao festival galês Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau. Os cristãos comemoram, nessa data, o dia de santa Brígida, especialmente na Irlanda.[carece de fontes?]

Boneco de "Jack Geada", representando o inverno, combate o boneco do "Homem Verde", representando a primavera, no Imbolc de 2008 em Huddersfield

Etimologia

O Imbolc irlandês deriva do antigo irlandês i mbolg, "na barriga".[4] É uma referência à gravidez de ovelhas. Um glossário medieval classifica o termo como Oimelc, "leite de ovelha".[5] Alguns neopagãos usam o termo Oimelc como um nome para o festival.

História

O Imbolc na Irlanda é celebrado nessa data desde o período neolítico.[6] Isto é confirmado pelo alinhamento de alguns monumentos megalíticos. Por exemplo: no montículo dos Reféns, na colina de Tara, a câmara interna está alinhada com o nascer do sol nas datas de Imbolc e Samnhain.[7]

O Imbolc é mencionado em algumas das primeiras literaturas irlandesas e há evidências de que tenha sido uma data importante desde os tempos antigos para os povos celtas. Acredita-se que ela era originalmente uma festa celta pagã, associada com a deusa Brighid e que foi cristianizada como um festival a santa Brígida, a imagem cristianizada da deusa Brighid. No Imbolc, cruzes de Brighid são feitas e uma figura em forma de boneca representando a deusa Brighid ou santa Brígida, chamada de Brídeóg, é construída para ser desfilada pelas ruas das cidades. Para receber suas bênçãos, as pessoas construíam uma "cama" para Brighid, um espaço onde era colocado oferendas e itens a serem abençoados. Fazendeiros e donos de criações comumente pediam para Brighid abençoar seus rebanhos e plantações.[carece de fontes?]

Embora muitos dos costumes tenham se perdido no século XX, essa tradição ainda é observada em vários lugares, sendo considerados eventos culturais. Desde o final do século XX muitos neopagãos e wiccanos têm comemorado o Imbolc,[2] muitas vezes adaptando o evento à sua região. Porém, tais adaptações não representam a real festividade celta.[carece de fontes?]

O Commons possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre Imbolc

Referências

  1. ↑ Danaher, Kevin (1972) The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs Dublin, Mercier. ISBN 1-85635-093-2, pp. 38
  2. ↑ a b McNeill, F. Marian (1959, 1961) The Silver Bough, Vol. 1–4. William MacLellan, Glasgow; Vol. 2, pp. 11–42
  3. ↑ Cunliffe, Barry (1997). The Ancient Celts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Page 188-190
  4. ↑ Chadwick, Nora K. (1970). The Celts. Harmondsworth: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-021211-6, p. 181
  5. ↑ Meyer, Kuno, Sanas Cormaic: an Old-Irish Glossary compiled by Cormac úa Cuilennáin, King-Bishop of Cashel in the ninth century (1912).
  6. ↑ "Imbolc". Newgrange UNESCO World Heritage website. Acessado em 1 de junho de 2011.
  7. ↑ Knowth.com photo of Samhain sunrise at the Mound of Hostages "The Stone Age Mound of the Hostages is also aligned with the Samhain sun rise." The sun rises from the same angle on Imbolc.

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