Ilha Heard e Ilhas McDonald

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Ilha Heard e Ilhas McDonald ★

Mapa das ilhas
Critérios N (i) (ii)
Referência 577 en fr es
País Austrália
Coordenadas 53° 06′ S, 72° 31′ L
Histórico de inscrição
Inscrição 1997

★ Nome usado na lista do Património Mundial

A Ilha Heard e as Ilhas McDonald (nome oficial: Território das Ilhas Heard e McDonald),[1][2][3] é um território externo australiano que compreende um grupo vulcânico de ilhas antárticas inóspitas e desabitadas, localizadas no oceano Índico, a cerca de dois terços do caminho de Madagáscar para a Antártida. A área total do grupo é de 372 km² e tem 101,9 km de litoral. Foram descobertas em meados do século XIX, as ilhas ficam no planalto de Kerguelen, e são um território australiano desde 1947.

A Ilha Heard e as Ilhas McDonald contêm os dois únicos vulcões ativos em território australiano, um dos quais é a montanha mais alta da Austrália, sendo esta o Pico Mawson (com 2745 m).[4]

História

Nenhum dos aglomerados de ilhas registrou visitantes até meados da década de 1850. Um marinheiro estadunidense, John Heard, no navio Oriental, avistou a ilha Heard em 25 de novembro de 1853, a caminho de Boston para Melbourne. Ele relatou a descoberta um mês depois e deu à ilha o seu nome. Sua esposa Fidelia Heard forneceu a primeira descrição escrita e desenhos da ilha.[5][6] William McDonald a bordo do Samarang descobriu as vizinhas ilhas McDonald seis semanas depois, em 4 de janeiro de 1854.[7]

Este arquipélago foi colocado em 1997 na Lista de Patrimônio Mundial pela UNESCO.[8]

Em 2024, as ilhas ganharam notoriedade com a intriga entre duas gigantes da indústria de Fast Food: McDonald's e o Burger King. O segundo quer mudar o nome da Ilha McDonald's para Ilha Whopper afirmando que "Um lugar com fogo de verdade não pode se chamar McDonald's".[9]

Galeria

  • Pinguim-rei (Aptenodytes patagonicus) na Ilha Heard
    Pinguim-rei (Aptenodytes patagonicus) na Ilha Heard
  • Vista satélite da ilha Heard
    Vista satélite da ilha Heard

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Geographica, Atlas Ilustrado do Mundo, Ed. Dinalivro, 2005, Lisboa, ISBN 972-56-387-4
  2. ↑ «Heard Island and McDonald Islands». CIA World Factbook. Consultado em 4 de janeiro de 2009 
  3. ↑ UNESCO. «Heard and McDonald Islands». Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2015 
  4. ↑ «Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve» (em inglês). Australian Government (salvo em Web Archive). Consultado em 9 de novembro de 2018 
  5. ↑ «Fidelia Isthmus». Australian Antarctic Gazetteer. Consultado em 11 de abril de 2023 
  6. ↑ Woehler, Eric (primavera de 2004). «Heard Island: a history of exploration». Australian Antarctic Magazine (em inglês). Consultado em 11 de abril de 2023 
  7. ↑ Mills, William James (2003). Exploring Polar Frontiers: A Historical Encyclopedia. [S.l.]: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781576074220 
  8. ↑ «Heard and McDonald Islands» (em inglês). UNESCO. Consultado em 12 de setembro de 2016 
  9. ↑ «Ilha Whopper: Burger King quer mudar nome de ilha para provocar McDonald's». UOL. 16 de janeiro de 2024. Consultado em 18 de janeiro de 2024 

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