Hexaclorobenzeno

Hexaclorobenzeno
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Nome IUPAC Hexachlorobenzene
Outros nomes Perchlorobenzene
HCB
Identificadores
Número CAS 118-74-1
PubChem 8370
SMILES
Propriedades
Fórmula química C6Cl6
Massa molar 284.78 g mol-1
Densidade 2,049 g·cm-3[1]
Ponto de fusão

229,5 °C[1]

Ponto de ebulição

322,2 °C[1]

Solubilidade em água praticamente insolúvel [2]
Solubilidade em temperaturas elevadas, solúvel em benzeno, éter dietílico e clorofórmio [2]
Riscos associados
Frases R R45, R48/25, R35
Frases S S53, S45, S60, S61
Compostos relacionados
Outros aniões/ânions Hexafluorobenzeno
Hexabromobenzeno
Hexaiodobenzeno
Perclorocarbonetos relacionados Hexaclorociclopentadieno
Octacloronaftaleno
Compostos relacionados Benzeno
Clorobenzeno
Diclorobenzeno (três isômeros)
Triclorobenzeno (vários isômeros)
Tetraclorobenzeno (três isômeros)
Pentaclorobenzeno
Hexaclorocicloexano (vários isômeros)
Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão
Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

Hexaclorobenzeno, ou HCB é um composto químico sintético, de fórmula C6Cl6, que se apresenta na forma de um sólido cristalino branco.

Caracteriza-se pela sua alta toxicidade, é extremamente estável e por isso persistente no meio ambiente e apresenta significativa bioacumulação.

Foi produzido inicialmente nos anos 40 e utilizado como fungicida. A produção, comercialização e aplicação de HCB já foi proibida em muitos países.

Uso

O HCB foi usado largamente como fungicida para proteger as sementes de cebolas, trigo e sorgo;

Foi também utilizado como solvente e como aditivo na produção de borracha, PVC, em foguetes, munições, preservantes para a madeira e corantes.

No entanto, é um subproduto da fabricação de vários solventes clorados, pesticidas e de outros processos que envolvem o cloro. É encontrado como contaminante em diversos pesticidas e é liberado durante a queima de resíduos urbanos feita de maneira inadequada.

Saúde e meio ambiente

Fontes de contaminação

A fonte de contaminação principal é provavelmente alimento contaminado. O HCB acumula-se nos peixes, mamíferos marinhos, aves, líquens, vegetais e nos animais que se alimentam de todos estes seres vivos (incluindo os humanos), perpetuando-se e disseminando-se na cadeia alimentar.

Os seres humanos podem ainda ser afetados no ambiente de trabalho através da inalação de vapores de HCB.

Efeitos na saúde

Este composto pode afetar o fígado, tiróide e rins, assim como os sistemas endócrino, imunológico, reprodutivo e nervoso. Existem estudos com comprovações de maior susceptibilidade às infecções e do incremento da mortalidade infantil pela exposição ao HCB.

É considerado uma substância carcinogênica.

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Registo de Hexachlorbenzol na Base de Dados de Substâncias GESTIS do IFA.
  2. ↑ a b Thieme Römpp Online, abgerufen am 25. Juli 2011.

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