Henrique I, Príncipe de Condé

Henrique I de Bourbon
Príncipe de Sangue
Henrique I, Príncipe de Condé
Henrique I de Bourbon, príncipe de Condé
Príncipe de Condé
Reinado 13 de março de 1569 -
- 5 de março de 1588
Predecessor Luís I de Bourbon-Condé
Sucessor Henrique II de Bourbon-Condé
Nascimento 29 de dezembro de 1552
  La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, Reino de França
Morte 05 de março de 1588 (35 anos)
  Saint-Jean-d'Angély, Reino de França
Nome completo Henri II de Bourbon
Esposa (1) Maria de Cleves
(2) Carlota de La Trémoille
Descendência Catarina (1)
Leonor (2);
Henrique II (2)
Casa Casa de Bourbon (ramo de Condé)
Pai Luís I de Bourbon-Condé
Mãe Leonor de Roye
Brasão

Henrique I de Bourbon (em francês: Henri Ier. de Bourbon; La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, 29 de dezembro de 1552 - Saint-Jean-d'Angély, 5 de março de 1588, foi um nobre francês, Príncipe de sangue e segundo Príncipe de Condé.

Protegeu os protestantes durante as Guerras de religião. Rival de Henrique III de Navarra (o futuro rei Henrique IV), que nessa altura ainda era protestante, empreendeu numerosas campanhas militares contra as tropas reais.

Biografia

Juventude

Filho de Luís de Bourbon, primeiro Príncipe de Condé, e de Leonor de Roye, Condessa de Roucy, Henrique cresce numa família de convicções calvinistas. É primo, em primeiro grau, do Rei de Navarra (o futuro Henrique IV de França), junto de quem combate durante a terceira guerra de religiões. Em 1572, casa com Maria de Cleves em Blandy uma semana antes do seu primo se casar com a princesa Margarida de Valois, irmã do rei. Presente em Paris quando ocorre o massacre da noite de São Bartolomeu, em 24 de agosto de 1572), Condé, sob pressão, tem que abjurar a fé.

Chefe do partido protestante

Após a sua participação no Cerco de La Rochelle (1573) no seio do exército real, o Governo da Picardia é-lhe restituído pelo rei (1573). De visita a Amiens, capital da província que governa, ele acaba por se refugiar na Alemanha (1574), depois do fracasso da Conjura dos Malcontens[1].

Coloca-se à cabeça do partido protestante durante as Quarta, Quinta e Sexta guerras de religião. Profundamente calvinista, ele compete com o primo, o rei de Navarra, pela chefia dos protestantes, mas os dois primos vêem-se forçados a aliarem-se, face à ameaça católica. Juntos, combatem na batalha de Coutras (20 de outubro de 1587).

Fim de vida

Governador da Picardia, o Príncipe de Condé não é apreciado pelos católicos da província que formam a primeira Liga Católica de toda a França, para se lhe oporem. Condé volta a casar-se em 16 de março de 1586 com Carlota de La Trémoille (1568-1629), filha de Luís III de La Trémoille.

Morre subitamente em março de 1588 supondo-se que a sua morte fosse devida a um envenenamento, possibilidade avançada quer por médicos quer pelos seus mais próximos (entre os quais o seu primo Henrique de Navarra)[2]. Fora lançado o boato de que teria sido Carlota a envenenar o marido após o enganar. O rei de Navarra foi também um dos suspeitos de ter feito assassinar o seu rival. Carlota de La Trémoille chega a ser detida e julgada pelo Parlamento de Paris, mas as diligências são interrompidas dada a sua gravidez e ela é simplesmente detida em Saint-Jean-d'Angély.

Henrique I de Bourbon inaugura a tradição de sepultar os membros da sua família na igreja de Vallery.

A 1 de setembro de 1588, a sua esposa dá à luz a um filho póstumo, que se torna Henrique II, Príncipe de Condé. O rei Henrique IV acaba por se resignar a libertar a princesa.

Casamentos e descendência

Do seu primeiro casamento com Maria de Cleves-Nevers (1553-1574), condessa de Beaufort, marquesa de Isles, baronesa de Jaucourt e senhora de Jully, nasceu uma menina:

  • Catarina (Catherine) (1574-1595), condessa de Beaufort, marquesa de Isles, baronesa de Jaucourt, senhora de Jully (títulos herdados da mãe e que depois da morte de Catarina viriam a ser transmitidos à tia materna Catarina de Cleves, duquesa de Guise).

Do seu segundo casamento com Carlota de La Trémoille (1568-1629), nasceram dois filhos:

Ascendência

Bibliografia

  • (em francês) Henri d'Orléans duc d'Aumale, Histoire des princes de Condé pendant les siècles XVI et XVII, Tomo II, Paris, Michel Lévy frères, 1864, (Livro segundo : De la bataille de Jarnac à la mort de Henri IV, Capítulo I : Henri de Bourbon, premier du nom, second prince de Condé, pág. 85-185, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k204984j/f88.image ;
  • (em francês) Henri d'Orléans duc d'Aumale, Histoire des Princes de Condé durant les siècles XVI et XVII, volume 2, editor Calmann-Lévy, Paris, 1889, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k204984j .

Referências

  1. A conjura dos Malcontents foi uma intriga falhada, organizada por nobres católicos e protestantes descontentes com a política do governo, para que Francisco de Alençon e Henrique de Navarra escapassem da corte de França
  2. Carta de Henrique datada de 10 de março de 1588

Ligações externas


Henrique I, Príncipe de Condé
Casa de Bourbon
( Ramo de Condé )
Nascimento: 29 de dezembro 1552 Morte: 5 de março 1588
Precedido por
Luís I de Bourbon

Príncipe de Condé

1569 - 1588
Sucedido por
Henrique II de Bourbon


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