Guerra do Quivu

Guerra do Quivu

Mapa aproximado da situação militar atual em Quivu.
Para um mapa detalhado de 2017, consulte aqui.
Data 2004–2009 (primeira fase)
4 de Abril de 2012 – 7 de Novembro de 2013 (segunda fase)
31 de Janeiro de 2015[1] – presente (terceira fase)
Local Quivu, República Democrática do Congo
Situação Em andamento
Beligerantes
M23[2]
(2014–Presente)
CNDP (2006–2009)
República Democrática do Congo M23 (2012–2013)
Possivelmente apoiados por:
 Ruanda		  República Democrática do Congo

República Democrática do Congo Milícias Mai-Mai pró-governo
FDLR (2006–2014)
APCLS[3] (2012–2013)
Nyatura (2012–2014)
Nações Unidas MONUSCO
 Angola
 Zimbabwe

 Botswana (contra FNL e FNL-Nzabampema apenas)		 FDLR
(2014–presente)

RUD-Urunana
(2006–present)
Nyatura
(2014–presente)
FNL-Nzabampema (2013–present)
FNL/Palipehutu
(1993–2009 and
2010–2013)
Forças Populares do Burundi
(2015-presente)
RED-Tabara
(2015-presente)

APCLS[4] (2013–2016)
Defesa Nduma do Congo[5](2008–presente)
Mai Mai Yakutumba (2009–presente)
CNPSC (2017–presente)
Outras milícias Mai Mai antigoverno[6] (1996–presente)
Raia Mutomboki[7] (2005–presente)

Forças Democráticas Aliadas
 Estado Islâmico (Província da África Central)
Comandantes
Laurent Nkunda
(prisioneiro de guerra)

República Democrática do Congo Bosco Ntaganda
 Rendição (militar)
República Democrática do Congo Sultani Makenga
 Rendição (militar)

República Democrática do Congo Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero
 Rendição (militar)
 República Democrática do Congo Joseph Kabila (até 2019)

República Democrática do Congo Félix Tshisekedi (a partir de 2019)
República Democrática do Congo Gen. Gabriel Amisi Kumba
República Democrática do Congo Maj. Gen. Lucien Bahuma
República Democrática do Congo Maj. Gen. Emmanuel Lombe[9]
Ignace Murwanashyaka
(prisioneiro de guerra)
Nações Unidas Babacar Gaye
Nações Unidas Gen. Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz
Angola José Eduardo dos Santos
Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe

Botswana Ian Khama		 Sylvestre Mudacumura[8]

Callixte Mbarushimana
Ignace Murwanashyaka
(prisioneiro de guerra)
Agathon Rwasa (FNL/Palipehutu)
Aloys Nzabampema (FNL-Nzabampema)

Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka Rendição (militar)
(Defesa Nduma do Congo)
William Amuri Yakutumba (Mai Mai Yakutumba/CNPSC)
Janvier Buingo Karairi (APCLS)
Devos Kagalaba
 Rendição (militar)
(Raia Mutomboki)

Salumu Kaseke
 Rendição (militar)
(Raia Mutomboki)
Forças
6.000 - 8.000 milicianos 20.000 regulares congolesas
3.500 milicianos Mai-Mai
6.000 - 7.000 milicianos
6.000 soldados da ONU
Baixas
233+ mortos 71+ mortos
~ 12 000 civis mortos[10][11][12][13]

Guerra do Quivu[14] ou conflito de Quivu é um conflito armado iniciado em 2004 no leste da República Democrática do Congo entre as Forças Armadas da República Democrática do Congo (FARDC) e o grupo Hutu Power das Forças Democráticas pela Libertação de Ruanda (FDLR), bem como outros numerosos grupos armados. A Missão das Nações Unidas na República Democrática do Congo (MONUSCO) também se envolveu no conflito. Em geral, consistiu em três fases, a terceira das quais é um conflito em curso.

Até Março de 2009, o principal grupo combatente contra as FARDC foi as forças rebeldes tutsis anteriormente sob o comando de Laurent Nkunda (Congresso Nacional para Defesa do Povo, CNDP).

O CNDP é simpático ao Banyamulenge no leste do Congo, um grupo de etnia tutsi, e ao governo dominado pelos tutsis de Ruanda. Tem a oposição das FDLR, do exército da República Democrática do Congo e das forças das Nações Unidas.

A MONUSCO desempenhou um grande papel no conflito. Com uma força de 21.000 soldados, o conflito no Quivu constitui a maior missão de manutenção da paz em operação. No total, 93 soldados da paz morreram na região, com quinze morrendo em um ataque em larga escala por uma milícia islamista, as Forças Democráticas Aliadas, no Quivu do Norte, em dezembro de 2017.[15] A força de manutenção da paz busca impedir a escalada do conflito e minimizar os abusos dos direitos humanos, como agressão sexual e uso de crianças-soldados.[16]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «'Scores dead' in Burundi clashes» 
  2. ↑ «DR Congo: suspicion of an alleged recovery of M23 Rubaya». Silent War Journal 
  3. ↑ «Conflict Minerals, Rebels and Child Soldiers in Congo». YouTube. Cópia arquivada em 2 de março de 2018 
  4. ↑ «FARDC hunting down APCLS in Masisi, and what about FDLR?». christoph vogel. 4 de março de 2014. Cópia arquivada em 17 de janeiro de 2015 
  5. ↑ «Activists urge govt to arrest fugitive DRC warlord». News24. 7 de janeiro de 2015. Cópia arquivada em 3 de fevereiro de 2015 
  6. ↑ «Archived copy». Cópia arquivada em 3 de fevereiro de 2015 
  7. ↑ «DRC: Who are the Raïa Mutomboki?». 17 de julho de 2013. Cópia arquivada em 18 de janeiro de 2015 
  8. ↑ Chris McGreal (5 de agosto de 2014). «US tells armed group in DRC to surrender or face 'military option'». the Guardian. Cópia arquivada em 10 de Julho de 2017 
  9. ↑ «Reshuffle in the Congolese army – cui bono? - christoph vogel». christoph vogel. 28 de setembro de 2014. Cópia arquivada em 9 de janeiro de 2015 
  10. ↑ «Kivu Conflict». The Polynational War Memorial. Consultado em 30 de novembro de 2017 
  11. ↑ «Realtime Data (2017)». ACLED 
  12. ↑ «DR Congo: New 'Kivu Security Tracker' Maps Eastern Violence». Human Rights Watch. 7 de dezembro de 2017 
  13. ↑ «ACLED Data (2018)». ACLED. Consultado em 1 de fevereiro de 2018 
  14. ↑ «La guerra de Kivu, un conflicto olvidado en el corazón de África». France 24. 23 de setembro de 2018 
  15. ↑ correspondent, Jason Burke Africa (8 de dezembro de 2017). «Islamist attack kills at least 15 UN peacekeepers and five soldiers in DRC». Cópia arquivada em 22 de outubro de 2018 – via www.TheGuardian.com 
  16. ↑ Section, United Nations News Service (8 de dezembro de 2017). «UN News - DR Congo: Over a dozen UN peacekeepers killed in worst attack on 'blue helmets' in recent history». UN News Service Section. Cópia arquivada em 8 de fevereiro de 2018 

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