Gilberto Ânglico

Gilberto Ânglico
Nascimento 1180
Morte 1250 (69–70 anos)
Cidadania Reino Unido
Ocupação médico

Gilberto Ânglico[1] (ou Gilberto da Inglaterra, também conhecido como Gilbertino; c. 1180 — c. 1250) foi um médico inglês do período medieval. Ele é conhecido principalmente por seu trabalho enciclopédico, o Compêndio de Medicina (Compendium Medicinae), provavelmente escrito entre 1230 e 1250. Esta foi uma tentativa de uma visão abrangente das melhores práticas em medicina e cirurgia da época.

Vida

Pouco se sabe sobre os detalhes da vida de Gilberto. Nascido em 1180, ele realizou seus primeiros estudos na Inglaterra antes de partir para a Europa. Sabe-se que ele estudou na primeira e principal escola de medicina da Europa Ocidental, a Escola Médica Salernitana em Salerno, Itália, provavelmente com o famoso cirurgião Roger de Parma.[2] Ele retornou à Inglaterra para servir ao arcebispo Hugo Walter, mas deixou a Inglaterra novamente algum tempo após a morte do arcebispo em 1205. Pensa-se que ele passou o resto de sua vida no continente, conquistando o soubriqueto Gilberto, o Inglês, de sua terra de origem.

Gilberto foi um dos médicos europeus mais famosos da época. Sua fama durou séculos após sua morte. Seu Compêndio foi publicado em 1510 e foi republicado novamente em 1608. Gilberto está listado com os grandes médicos de todos os tempos no verso de Chaucer.

Obras

Traduções

O Compendium medicinae do Gilberto foi traduzido para o inglês médio no início do século XV.[4] As partes ginecológicas e obstétricas dessa tradução logo foram extraídas e circularam amplamente como um texto independente conhecido nos estudos modernos como A Doença das Mulheres . Esse texto foi modificado ainda mais em meados do século XV pela adição de materiais de Muscio e outras fontes sobre obstetrícia; isso é conhecido como A Doença das Mulheres 2.[5] Entre eles, as duas versões de A Doença das Mulheres foram os textos do inglês médio mais amplamente divulgados sobre a medicina das mulheres no século XV, ainda mais populares do que as várias versões do inglês médio dos textos de Trotula.[6]

Referências

  1. «Biografia de Gilbertus Anglicus, ou Gilberto Ânglico ou da Inglaterra» 
  2. Handerson, S. 12.
  3. Handerson 35
  4. Faye Marie Getz, Healing & Society in Medieval England: A Middle English Translation of the Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Anglicus (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991); George R. Keiser, "Epilepsy: The Falling Evil," in Popular and Practical Science of Medieval England, ed. Lister M. Matheson, Medieval Texts and Studies 11 (East Lansing, MI, 1994), pp. 219–44; George R. Keiser, Works of Science and Information. The Manual of Writings in Middle English, gen. ed. Albert E. Hartung, Vol. 10 (New Haven, CT, 1998), p. 3834.
  5. Monica H. Green and Linne R. Mooney, "The Sickness of Women," in Sex, Aging, and Death in a Medieval Medical Compendium: Trinity College Cambridge MS R.14.52, Its Texts, Language, and Scribe, ed. M. Teresa Tavormina, Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies, 292, 2 vols. (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 455-568; and Alicia Rodríguez-Álvarez and Maria Victoria Domínguez-Rodríguez, “A Middle English Text Revised by a Renaissance Reader: John Wotton’s Annotations to British Library MS Sloane 249 (ff. 180v-205v),” International Journal of English Studies 5, no. 2 (2005), 45-70.
  6. Monica H. Green, Making Women’s Medicine Masculine: The Rise of Male Authority in Pre-Modern Gynaecology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 190-91.

Bibliografia

  • Henry Ebenezer Handerson: Gilbertus Anglicus - Medicine of the Thirteenth Century. 1918.
  • Faye Marie Getz: Healing & Society in Medieval England - A Middle English Translation of the Pharmaceutical Writings of Gilbertus Anglicus. University of Wisconsin Press 1991. ISBN 0-299-12930-6.
  • Michael R. McVaugh, “Who Was Gilbert the Englishman?,” in The Study of Medieval Manuscripts of England: Festschrift in Honor of Richard W. Pfaff, ed. George Hardin Brown and Linda Ehrsam Voigts (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2011; Turnhout: Brepols, 2011), pp. 295–324.
  • Monica H. Green and Linne R. Mooney, "The Sickness of Women," in Sex, Aging, and Death in a Medieval Medical Compendium: Trinity College Cambridge MS R.14.52, Its Texts, Language, and Scribe, ed. M. Teresa Tavormina, Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies, 292, 2 vols. (Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 455–568. ISBN 9780866983358.
  • Handerson, Henry E. Gilbertus Anglicus Medicine of the Thirteenth Century. [S.l.]: Printellegra company. ISBN 9781449981945. Consultado em 5 de dezembro de 2012 
  • Bachoffner Pierre. Gilbert l'Anglais ou Gilbert de Paris ? : Gundolf Keil, Magister Giselbertus de villa parisiensis. Betrachtungen zu den Kranewittbeeren und Gilberts pharmakologischem Renomm, Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 1995, vol. 83, n° 305, pp. 207–208.

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