Fratura da anca

Fratura da anca
Fratura da anca
Fratura intertrocantérica da anca em homem de 17 anos
Sinónimos Fratura proximal do fémur, fratura do quadril[1]
Sintomas Dor na região da anca que se agrava com o movimento, encurtamento da perna[2]
Tipos Intracapsular, extracapsular (intertrocantérica, subtrocantérica, grande trocânter, pequeno trocânter)[1]
Causas Trauma, geralmente resultado de uma queda[1][3]
Fatores de risco Osteoporose, grande quantidade de medicamentos, consumo de álcool, cancro metastático[2][1]
Método de diagnóstico Radiografia, ressonância magnética, TAC, cintigrafia óssea[3][2]
Condições semelhantes Osteoartrite, necrose avascular da anca, hérnia, bursite trocantérica[3]
Prevenção Iluminação adequada, remoção de tapetes soltos, exercício físico, tratamento da osteoporose[1]
Tratamento Cirurgia[1]
Medicação Opioides, bloqueio de nervos periféricos[1]
Prognóstico Risco de morte a um ano: ~20% (idosos)[3][1]
Frequência ~15% das mulheres em algum momento da vida[1]
Classificação e recursos externos
eMedicine 825363, 87043
MeSH D006620
A Wikipédia não é um consultório médico. Leia o aviso médico 

Uma fratura da anca (português europeu) ou do quadril (português brasileiro) é uma fratura óssea que ocorre na parte superior do fémur.[2] Os sintomas mais comuns são dor na região da anca, que se agravam com o movimento, e encurtamento de uma das pernas.[2] Geralmente a pessoa é incapaz de caminhar.[3]

A causa mais comum são quedas.[3] Entre os fatores de risco estão a osteoporose, o consumo de uma grande quantidade de medicamentos, o consumo de álcool e cancro metastático.[2][1] O diagnóstico é geralmente confirmado com radiografia.[2] Em alguns casos pode ser complementado com ressonância magnética, TAC, cintigrafia óssea.[3][2]

O alívio da dor pode ser feito com a administração de opioides ou bloqueio de nervos periféricos.[1][4] Nos casos em que a saúde da pessoa o permite, geralmente recomenda-se cirurgia no prazo de dois dias.[2][1] Entre as opções cirúrgicas estão a substituição da anca ou a fixação de parafusos para estabilizar a fratura.[2] Após a cirurgia, é recomendada a administração de medicação para prevenção de tromboses.[1]

As fraturas da anca são mais comuns em pessoas idosas, principalmente em indivíduos com osteoporose.[1] A condição afeta mais mulheres do que homens.[1] Cerca de 15% das mulheres fraturam a anca em algum momento da vida.[1] Em pessoas idosas, o risco de morte no ano seguinte à fratura é de cerca de 20%.[3][1]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Ferri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 (em inglês). [S.l.]: Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 615. ISBN 9780323529570. Cópia arquivada em 13 de outubro de 2017 
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j «Hip Fractures». OrthoInfo - AAOS. Abril de 2009. Consultado em 27 de setembro de 2017. Cópia arquivada em 29 de junho de 2017 
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Brunner LC, Eshilian-Oates L, Kuo TY (fevereiro de 2003). «Hip fractures in adults». American Family Physician. 67 (3): 537–42. PMID 12588076 
  4. ↑ Guay J, Parker MJ, Griffiths R, Kopp SL (maio de 2018). «Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Hip Fractures: A Cochrane Review». Anesthesia and Analgesia. 126 (5): 1695–1704. PMID 28991122. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002489Acessível livremente 

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