Forte de Nossa Senhora do Pilar

Velas, ilha de São Jorge: vista parcial.

O Forte de Nossa Senhora do Pilar e São José, também referido como Forte da Eira, Castelinho das Eiras e Forte do Arco, localiza-se no sítio de Nossa Senhora do Pilar, na freguesia das Velas, concelho de mesmo nome, na costa sul da ilha de São Jorge, nos Açores.

Em posição dominante sobre a baía das Velas, constituiu-se em uma fortificação destinada à defesa deste ancoradouro contra os ataques de piratas e corsários, outrora frequentes nesta região do oceano Atlântico. Cruzava fogos com a bateria oeste do Forte de Nossa Senhora da Conceição.

História

No contexto da Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola (1701-1714) após o saque das Velas pela esquadra do corsário francês René Duguay-Trouin (20 a 25 de setembro de 1708),[1] este forte foi erguido em 1709 pelo Sargento-mor Amaro Soares de Sousa,[2] e encontra-se referido como "O Forte de Nossa Senhora do Pillar e Sam Joseph." na relação "Fortificações nos Açores existentes em 1710".[3]

SOUSA (1995), em 1822, ao descrever o porto de Velas refere: "(...) o [castelo] das Eiras de 8 [peças], fazem a sua defesa marírima; guarnecidos por um destacamento do Batalhão da capital do Departamento, e pelo Regimento de Milícia Nacional, que toma o nome da ilha.".[4]

De acordo com o Tombo de 1883 encontrava-se em ruínas.

No contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial foi entregue em 1941 ao Ministério das Finanças.[2]

Atualmente encontra-se em ruínas, descaracterizado.

Características

Fortificação do tipo abaluartado, de acordo com o tombo de 1883 apresenta planta poligonal irregular com oito lados. Nos dois lados voltados ao mar rasgavam-se oito canhoneiras. Não possuía edificações de serviço.

Referências

  1. REZENDES, 2010(b):13. Consultado em 20 dez 2011.
  2. a b REZENDES, 2010(a).[ligação inativa] Consultado em 20 dez 2011.
  3. "Fortificações nos Açores existentes em 1710" in Arquivo dos Açores, p. 180. Consultado em 8 dez 2011.
  4. Op. cit., p. 103.

Bibliografia

  • CASTELO BRANCO, António do Couto de; FERRÃO, António de Novais. "Memorias militares, pertencentes ao serviço da guerra assim terrestre como maritima, em que se contém as obrigações dos officiaes de infantaria, cavallaria, artilharia e engenheiros; insignias que lhe tocam trazer; a fórma de compôr e conservar o campo; o modo de expugnar e defender as praças, etc.". Amesterdão, 1719. 358 p. (tomo I p. 300-306) in Arquivo dos Açores, vol. IV (ed. fac-similada de 1882). Ponta Delgada (Açores): Universidade dos Açores, 1981. p. 178-181.
  • NEVES, Carlos; CARVALHO, Filipe; MATOS, Artur Teodoro de (coord.). "Documentação sobre as Fortificações dos Açores existentes nos Arquivos de Lisboa – Catálogo". in Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, vol. L, 1992.
  • PEGO, Damião. "Tombos dos Fortes das Ilhas do Faial, São Jorge e Graciosa (Direcção dos Serviços de Engenharia do Exército)". in Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, vol. LVI, 1998.
  • SOUSA, João Soares de Albergaria de. Corografia Açórica: Descrição Física, Política e Histórica dos Açores. Ponta Delgada (Açores): Jornal de Cultura, 1995. 142p. ISBN 972-755-013-4

Ver também

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