Flebite

Flebite

Veias na região poplítea
Especialidade Emergency medicine
Sintomas Dor, inchaço, vermelhidão[1]
Início habitual Pessoas idosas[1]
Tipos Infusão flebite, tromboflebite superficial[2]
Fatores de risco Cateteres intravenosos, varizes, cancro, gravidez, mobilidade reduzida[3][4]
Condições semelhantes Celulite, hematoma, linfagite, tendinite[5]
Tratamento Calor, medicação para dor (AINEs), anticoagulantes[3][2]
Frequência Relativamente comum[4][5]
Classificação e recursos externos
CID-10 I80
DiseasesDB 13043
eMedicine 786526, 463256
MeSH D010689
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Flebite é a inflamação de uma veia.[1] Resulta normalmente em dor, inchaço e vermelhidão na área em questão.[1] Também pode ocorrer dureza da veia.[1] As complicações podem incluir trombose venosa profunda ou embolia pulmonar.[5]

Pode ocorrer em cerca de 30% das pessoas com cateteres intravenosos; embora apenas 4% dos casos sejam graves.[4] Os fatores de risco incluem uma maior duração do uso do cateter e administração de antibióticos através do cateter.[4] Os mecanismos subjacentes podem incluir lesão na veia, irritação química e infeção bacteriana.[1] Outra causa é a coagulação sanguínea, uma condição que é conhecida como tromboflebite superficial.[3] Os fatores de risco incluem veias varicosas, cancro, gravidez e mobilidade reduzida.[3] Normalmente as pernas é que estão envolvidas.[3]

Embora as evidências para apoiar o tratamento sejam baixas, os esforços podem incluir a aplicação de calor e analgésicos.[6][2] Quando necessário, o tratamento do coágulo sanguíneo pode incluir elevação do chumbo, AINEs e, ocasionalmente, anticoagulantes.[3][7] Os idosos são normalmente os mais afetados.[1] Nos casos devido a cateteres intravenosos, as mulheres são normalmente mais afetadas que os homens.[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Macklin, D (fevereiro de 2003). «Phlebitis.». The American journal of nursing. 103 (2): 55-60. PMID 12582339. doi:10.1097/00000446-200302000-00027 
  2. ↑ a b c Dychter, SS; Gold, DA; Carson, D; Haller, M (março de 2012). «Intravenous therapy: a review of complications and economic considerations of peripheral access.». Journal of infusion nursing : the official publication of the Infusion Nurses Society. 35 (2): 84-91. PMID 22382792. doi:10.1097/NAN.0b013e31824237ce 
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Beckman, Joshua A. (22 de outubro de 2002). «Diseases of the Veins». Circulation. 106 (17): 2170–2172. PMID 12390942. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000036740.75461.80Acessível livremente 
  4. ↑ a b c d e Lv, L; Zhang, J (maio de 2020). «The incidence and risk of infusion phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters: A meta-analysis.». The journal of vascular access. 21 (3): 342-349. PMID 31547791. doi:10.1177/1129729819877323 
  5. ↑ a b c Czysz, A; Higbee, SL (janeiro de 2022). «Superficial Thrombophlebitis». PMID 32310477 
  6. ↑ Di Nisio, M; Peinemann, F; Porreca, E; Rutjes, AW (20 de novembro de 2015). «Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity.» (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11): CD011015. PMC 6885032Acessível livremente. PMID 26588711. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011015.pub2. Consultado em 12 de janeiro de 2022. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 16 de fevereiro de 2020 
  7. ↑ Di Nisio, M; Wichers, IM; Middeldorp, S (25 de fevereiro de 2018). «Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg.». The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2: CD004982. PMID 29478266. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004982.pub6 

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