Estufa

Kew Gardens Temperate House: esta estufa é maior estrutura em ferro e vidro sobrevivente da era vitoriana.
Victoria amazonica [1] Jardim botânico em Braunschweig, Alemanha.

Estufas são lugares com o objetivo de acumular e conter o calor no seu interior, mantendo assim uma temperatura maior no seu interior que ao seu redor. Normalmente composta de uma caixa e uma fonte de calor.

Numa estufa onde a fonte de calor é o sol, normalmente utilizada para cultivar (plantas, árvores etc.), o aquecimento dá-se essencialmente porque a convecção é suprimida. Nesse tipo de estufa, normalmente feita de materiais semitransparentes, não há troca de ar entre o interior e o exterior, sendo assim a energia que entra pela radiação solar aquece o ambiente interno e não é perdida com as correntes ascendentes, que dissipariam o calor.

Numa estufa elétrica a fonte do calor se da pela transformação da energia elétrica em energia térmica, que se acumula dentro de um ambiente fechado. Uma variedade da muito utilizada em laboratórios é a mufla que alcança altas temperaturas.

No caso do Vinho da Madeira, as estufas significam tanques, em geral construídos em aço inoxidável, paredes duplas preenchidas com lã de vidro, que as tornam isotérmicas, e paredes dotadas de camisas de transmissão de calor por onde circula água quente a 70º Celsius, fazendo assim aquecer o vinho até 50 °C onde permanece durante 90 dias. Nos primórdios eram apenas divisões onde se queimava lenha e o ar quente gerado aquecia o vinho que se encontrava em toneis desenfundados. O vinho em contacto com o ar oxidava violentamente absorvendo também os maus odores do ambiente, provocando a perda de qualidade referida.

Estufa interna

Flores em uma estufa

Os pesquisadores desenvolveram, em 2019, uma tecnologia que permite que as pessoas cultivem seu pequeno jardim em casa ou no escritório. É um hobby e uma maneira de fornecer nutrição para toda a família ou clientes.[2]

Fontes

  • Física de la atmósfera, J. Houghton, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-80456-6,
  • Karla Krieger: gewächshäuser. Franckh-Kosmos, 2007, ISBN 978-3-440-11027-0
  • Jörn Piund Bauformen, blv, München 2005, ISBN 3-405-16835-X
  • Christian von Zabeltlen, 2., neubearb. und erw. Aufl., Ulmer-Verlag, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 978-3-8001-5130-1
  • Georg Kohlmaier, Barna von Sartory: Das Glashaus: ein Bautypus des 19. Jahrhunderts. 2. Aufl., Prestel, München 1988, ISBN 3-7913-rgärten des 19. Jahrhunderts, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-433-02280-1
  • Ruth-Maria Ullrich: Glas-Eisenarchitektur. Pflanzenhäuser des 19. Jahrhunderts, Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1989, ISBN 3-88462-037-1
  • Cunningham, Anne S. (2000) Crystal palaces : garden conservatories of the United States Princeton Architectural Press, New York, ISBN 1-56898-242-9 ;
  • Lemmon, Kenneth (1963) The covered garden Dufour, Philadelphia;
  • Muijzenberg, Erwin W B van den (1980) A history of greenhouses Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Wageningen, Netherlands;
  • Vleeschouwer, Olivier de (2001) Greenhouses and conservatories Flammarion, Paris, ISBN 2-08-010585-X ;
  • Woods, May (1988)Glass houses: history of greenhouses, orangeries and conservatories Aurum Press, London, ISBN 0-906053-85-4 ;

Referências

  1. ↑ Plants Profile for Victoria amazonica, USDA Plants Database
  2. ↑ «Smart Greenhouse lets you grow vegetables in your apartment». Tech Explorist (em inglês). 5 de agosto de 2019. Consultado em 5 de agosto de 2019 

Ligações externas

Commons
Commons
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