Estrutura da proteína

Estrutura da proteína ou estrutura proteica é o arranjo tridimensional de átomos em uma molécula de cadeia de aminoácidos. Proteínas são polímeros ― especificamente polipeptídeos ― formados de sequências de aminoácidos, os monômeros do polímero. Um único monômero de aminoácido também pode ser chamado de um resíduo indicando uma unidade de repetição de um polímero. Aminoácidos formam proteínas por reações de condensação, na qual os aminoácidos perdem uma molécula de água por reação a fim de anexar um ao outro com uma ligação peptídica. Por convenção, uma cadeia com menos de 30 aminoácidos é frequentemente identificada como peptídeo, em vez de uma proteína.[1] Para serem capazes de desempenhar sua função biológica, as proteínas se dobram em uma ou mais conformações espaciais específicas dirigidas por um número de interações não covalentes tais como ligação de hidrogênio, interações iônicas, forças de Van der Waals e empacotamento hidrofóbico. Para entender as funções das proteínas em nível molecular, muitas vezes é necessário determinar sua estrutura tridimensional. Este é o tópico do campo científico da biologia estrutural, a qual emprega técnicas tais como cristalografia de raios X, espectroscopia RMN e interferometria de dupla polarização para determinar a estrutura de proteínas.[2][3][4]

As estruturas proteicas variam em tamanho de dezenas a vários milhares de aminoácidos.[5] Por tamanho físico, as proteínas são classificadas como nanopartículas, entre 1–100 nm. Agregados muito grandes podem ser formados a partir de subunidades proteicas. Por exemplo, muitos milhares de moléculas de actina formando um microfilamento.[6]

Uma proteína geralmente sofre mudanças estruturais reversíveis no desempenho de sua função biológica. As estruturas alternativas da mesma proteína são referidas como diferentes isômeros conformacionais, ou simplesmente, conformações e transições entre eles são chamadas alterações conformacionais.[7]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ H. Stephen Stoker (1 de janeiro de 2015). Organic and Biological Chemistry. [S.l.]: Cengage Learning. p. 371. ISBN 978-1-305-68645-8 
  2. ↑ Feng W, Pan L, Zhang M.; Combination of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography offers unique advantages for elucidation of the structural basis of protein complex assembly.; Sci China Life Sci. 2011 Feb;54(2):101-11. doi: 10.1007/s11427-011-4137-2. Epub 2011 Feb 14. PMID: 21318479
  3. ↑ Marcus J Swann, Louise L Peel, Simon Carrington, Neville J Freeman; Dual-polarization interferometry: an analytical technique to measure changes in protein structure in real time, to determine the stoichiometry of binding events, and to differentiate between specific and nonspecific interactions; Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 329, Issue 2, 15 June 2004, Pages 190-198
  4. ↑ Freeman N. (2006) Dual Polarisation Interferometry: An Optical Technique to Measure the Orientation and Structure of Proteins at the Solid-Liquid Interface in Real Time. In: Déjardin P. (eds) Proteins at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
  5. ↑ Brocchieri L, Karlin S (10 de junho de 2005). «Protein length in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteomes». Nucleic Acids Research. 33 (10): 3390–3400. PMC 1150220Acessível livremente. PMID 15951512. doi:10.1093/nar/gki615 
  6. ↑ Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Structure and Organization of Actin Filaments.
  7. ↑ Ha, Jeung-Hoi and Stewart N Loh. “Protein conformational switches: from nature to design” Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) vol. 18,26 (2012): 7984-99.

Read other articles:

Katedral Aveiro

Katedral AveiroKatedral Santo Dominikus dan Bunda KasihPortugis: Sé de Aveiro/Catedral de Aveiro/Igreja de São Domingos ou de Nossa Senhora da Misericórdiacode: pt is deprecated Katedral AveiroLokasiAveiroNegaraPortugalDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaSejarahDedikasiSanto Dominikus, Bunda KasihArsitekturStatusKatedralStatus fungsionalAktifGayaBarok PortugisAdministrasiKeuskupanKeuskupan Aveiro Katedral Aveiro (Portugis: Sé de Aveirocode: pt is deprecated ), juga dikenal sebagai Katedral Santo...

 

Mary Wolverston

English pirate This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mary Wolverston – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Mary Wolverston, Lady Killigrew (formerly Knyvett; born before 1525 – died after 1587), was a gentlewoman from...

 

Brady Haran

Australian-British YouTuber and journalist (born 1976) Brady HaranOAMHaran at the Dead Sea, 2013Personal informationBornBrady John Haran (1976-06-18) 18 June 1976 (age 47)Glenelg, Adelaide, AustraliaNationalityAustralianBritishOccupationsVideo journalistDocumentary filmmakerPodcasterSpouseKylie PentelowChildren1Websitebradyharan.comYouTube informationChannels Backstage Science Bibledex Brady Stuff Computerphile Deep Sky videos Fav Scientist Foods Key Hello Internet Nottingham Science Num...

العلاقات السنغافورية الغواتيمالية

العلاقات السنغافورية الغواتيمالية سنغافورة غواتيمالا   سنغافورة   غواتيمالا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات السنغافورية الغواتيمالية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين سنغافورة وغواتيمالا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومر...

 

Moffat railway station

Former railway station in Scotland MoffatRailway bridge abutments near MoffatGeneral informationLocationDumfries and GallowayScotlandCoordinates55°19′49″N 3°26′38″W / 55.3303°N 3.4438°W / 55.3303; -3.4438Grid referenceNT0849804982Platforms1Other informationStatusDisusedHistoryOriginal companyCaledonian RailwayPre-groupingCaledonian RailwayPost-groupingLondon Midland and Scottish RailwayKey dates2 April 1883Opened[1]6 December 1954Closed to passenger...

 

1976 United States Senate election in New Mexico

1976 United States Senate election in New Mexico ← 1970 November 2, 1976 1982 →   Nominee Harrison Schmitt Joseph Montoya Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 234,681 176,382 Percentage 56.82% 42.70% County resultsSchmitt:      50–60%      60–70%Montoya:      50–60%      60–70% U.S. senator before election Joseph Montoya Democratic Elected U.S. Senat...

S.C.S. Jai-Hind

Football clubJai-HindFull nameSociaal Cultureel en Sportvereniging Jai-HindFounded2 October 1932; 91 years ago (1932-10-02)[1]GroundSport Complex KwattaKwatta, SurinameCapacity1,200PresidentJenny JankieLeagueLidbondentoernooi2014–154th Home colours S.C.S Jai-Hind known simply as Jai-Hind , is a Surinamese association football club based in Kwatta, Suriname. The club is almost entirely made up of Hindustani people, and as such was the first Hindustani football club...

 

بلياردو

تحتاج هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر إضافية لتحسين وثوقيتها. فضلاً ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة بإضافة استشهادات من مصادر موثوق بها. من الممكن التشكيك بالمعلومات غير المنسوبة إلى مصدر وإزالتها. (أغسطس 2022) بلياردومعلومات عامةالمنتسبون لاعب بلياردو الخصائصالتصنيف رياضة الت...

 

Giripurno, Karanganyar, Kebumen

GiripurnoDesaNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TengahKabupatenKebumenKecamatanKaranganyarKode pos54364Kode Kemendagri33.05.20.2006 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km²Situs webhttps://giripurno.kec-karanganyar.kebumenkab.go.id/ Giripurno adalah desa di kecamatan Karanganyar, Kebumen, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Sejarah Desa Giripurno dahulu merupakan salah satu desa terpencil karena letaknya di daerah pegunungan, namun semenjak listrik mulai masuk ke desa ini sekitar tahun 20...

Captain Charles Johnson

18th-century literary pen name Captain Charles JohnsonBorn1680Pen nameCaptain Charles JohnsonYears active1724–1736[1]Notable worksA General History of the Pyrates Captain Charles Johnson was the British author of the 1724 book A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the most notorious Pyrates, whose identity remains a mystery. No record exists of a captain by this name, and Captain Charles Johnson is generally considered a pen name for one of London's writer-publisher...

 

Springbrook National Park

Protected area in Queensland, AustraliaSpringbrook National ParkQueenslandIUCN category II (national park) The peaks of Springbrook form the north-eastern remains of the eroded Mount Warning caldera. Mount Cougal and the Gold Coast urban strip can also be seen.Springbrook National ParkNearest town or cityMudgeerabaCoordinates28°08′24″S 153°16′27″E / 28.14000°S 153.27417°E / -28.14000; 153.27417Established1990Area61.56 km2 (23.8 sq mi)Managin...

 

"Coelosaurus" antiquus

Extinct species of dinosaur Coelosaurus antiquusTemporal range: Late Cretaceous, 70–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Holotype tibia Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Clade: Theropoda Clade: †Ornithomimosauria Family: †Ornithomimidae Species: †Coelosaurus antiquus Binomial name Coelosaurus antiquus Synonyms Ornithomimus antiquus (Leidy, 1865) Coelosaurus antiquus (antique hollow lizard) i...

Leigh Diffey

Australian sports commentator Leigh DiffeyDiffey at the 2018 ABC Supply 500Born (1971-03-03) 3 March 1971 (age 53)Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaNationalityAustralianCitizenshipUnited States of America, AustraliaOccupationAmerican sports commentatorYears active1995–presentEmployerNBC Leigh Diffey (born 3 March 1971) is an Australian-American auto racing commentator. His career began calling motorcycle races in his home country before moving to the United Kingdom to cover other for...

 

Samsung Galaxy S8

Samsung Galaxy S8/S8+Smartphone ProduttoreSamsung SerieGalaxy S Slogan«Unbox Your Phone» Inizio vendita28 aprile 2017, 5 maggio 2017, 12 maggio 2017, 18 maggio 2017, 8 giugno 2017, 21 aprile 2017, 29 aprile 2017 e 25 maggio 2017 PredecessoreSamsung Galaxy S7 SuccessoreSamsung Galaxy S9 ComunicazioneReti2G GSM, 3G HSPA, 4G LTE Quad Band (850/900/1800/1900) ConnettivitàWi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band; GPS con A-GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo; NFC; USB 3.1 tipo C. SoftwareSistema operativo ...

 

Persamaan diferensial biasa

Persamaan diferensialPersamaan diferensial Navier–Stokes digunakan untuk mensimulasikan aliran udara di sekitar suatu rintangan Ruang lingkup Bidang Ilmu alamPerekayasaan Astronomi Fisika Kimia Biologi Geologi Matematika terapan Mekanika kontinuum Teori kekacauan Sistem dinamis Ilmu sosial Ekonomi Dinamika populasi Daftar persamaan diferensial bernama Klasifikasi Jenis Biasa Linear Non-linear Parsial Pecahan Diferensial-aljabar Integro-diferensial Berdasarkan jenis variabel Variabel bebas d...

Supercopa de España 2004

Voce principale: Supercopa de España. Supercopa de España 2004Supercoppa di Spagna 2004 Competizione Supercopa de España Sport Calcio Edizione 19ª Organizzatore RFEF Date 21 e 24 agosto 2004 Luogo  Spagna Partecipanti 2 Risultati Vincitore Real Saragozza(1º titolo) Secondo Valencia Statistiche Incontri disputati 2 Gol segnati 5 (2,5 per incontro) Pubblico 60 000 (30 000 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 2003 2005 Manuale La Supercopa de España 2004 è stat...

 

周處除三害 (電影)

周處除三害The Pig, The Snake and The Pigeon正式版海報基本资料导演黃精甫监制李烈黃江豐動作指導洪昰顥编剧黃精甫主演阮經天袁富華陳以文王淨李李仁謝瓊煖配乐盧律銘林孝親林思妤保卜摄影王金城剪辑黃精甫林雍益制片商一種態度電影股份有限公司片长134分鐘产地 臺灣语言國語粵語台語上映及发行上映日期 2023年10月6日 (2023-10-06)（台灣） 2023年11月2日 (2023-11-02)（香�...

 

Yeh Hai Chahatein

Indian television series Yeh Hai ChahateinGenreDramaCreated byEkta KapoorWritten byDheeraj SarnaScreenplay byShilpa JatharStory bySonali JaffarDirected byNeeraj BaliyanRishi TyagiKhwaja MughalVishwankar PathaniaAmar VarpeRanjan Kumar SinghVikas RaiAashiesh PaatilNitesh MishraCreative directorsShivangi BabbarDhruv G UmraniaStarringSargun Kaur LuthraAbrar QaziShagun SharmaPravisht MishraTheme music composerLalit SenNawab ArzooOpening themeYeh Hai ChahateinComposerPamela JainCountry of originInd...

Spermatophyta

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento piante non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Questa voce sull'argomento piante è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Come leggere il tassoboxSpermatofiteGiras...

 

ألان تشارلزورث

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يونيو 2019) ألان تشارلزورث   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 17 سبتمبر 1903   الوفاة 21 سبتمبر 1978 (75 سنة)   غلن أيريس  [لغات أخرى]‏  مواطنة أستراليا  الحياة العملية ا�...