Estaca

Ilustração de colocação de estacas no solo.

As estacas são elementos estruturais de fundação profunda que são executadas inteiramente por equipamentos ou ferramentas. Podem ser classificadas como “estacas escavadas” e “estacas cravadas”. Das estacas escavadas, ainda podemos agrupá-las em: estacas escavadas[1] com o emprego de broca, ou, através do apiloamento do solo. [2]

Fundação profunda

Fundações profundas são elementos estruturais de fundação que usam a atrito lateral gerado entre a estaca e o solo para transferir as cargas provenientes da edificação para o solo. Algumas literaturas consideram a resistência de ponta, mas na pratica esta resistência é desprezada. [3]

Estacas escavadas

Estacas escavadas por broca

A NBR – 6122/96[4] define estaca tipo broca como sendo um tipo de fundação profunda executada por perfuração com trado e posterior concretagem, sendo executadas com trado manual ou mecânico, sem uso de revestimento.

Estacas escavadas por apiloamento do solo

Tipo de fundação profunda[5] executada por perfuração com o emprego de soquete. Para a NBR 6122/96, este tipo de estaca é tratado também como estaca tipo broca. Sua perfuração é feita através da queda livre da piteira, na maioria dos casos com a utilização de água. A piteira em queda intermitente perfura o solo abrindo assim o fuste para posterior concretagem.

Estacas cravadas

As estacas cravadas (ou estacas pré-moldadas) caracterizam-se por sua introdução no solo através de processos que não promovam a retirada de solo, elas podem ser cravadas por percussão, prensagem ou vibração. Existem diversos tipos de estacas cravadas, de diversos materiais, elas podem ser de madeira, aço, concreto-armado, ou de material misto.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «Estaca escavada mecanicamente». VWF Fundações 
  2. ↑ ESTACAS DE CONCRETO, S. B. Veliovich, L. G. Marcondes Campos, A. Botelho - Trabalho acadêmico, curso de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Taubaté, 2015.
  3. ↑ Cintra, José Carlos A., Fundações por estacas: projeto geotécnico / José Carlos A. Cintra, Nelson Aoki. -- São Paulo: Oficina de textos, 2010.
  4. ↑ ABNT NBR 6122/96: Projeto e execução de fundações.
  5. ↑ «Estaca Escavada». VWF Fundações 
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