Espectômetro Magnético Alpha

Espectômetro Magnético Alpha (em inglês: Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer) ou AMS-02, é um módulo de física de partículas idealizado e criado no CERN [1] e montado na Estação Espacial Internacional. Foi desenvolvido para pesquisar diversos tipos de matérias incomuns, através de medição por raios cósmicos. Suas experiências irão ajudar os pesquisadores a estudar a formação do universo, e procurar pela evidência de matéria escura assim como investigar a antimatéria. O principal pesquisador do programa é o físico Samuel Ting, Prêmio Nobel de Física de 1976.

Após os últimos testes feitos nas instalações da Agência Espacial Europeia nos Países Baixos,[2] o módulo foi transportado para o cabo Kennedy, na Flórida, onde foi lançado ao espaço, em 16 de maio de 2011, no ônibus espacial Endeavour, como parte da missão STS-134 da NASA.[3]

Original

Considerado o mais sofisticado instrumento de deteção de partículas já enviado ao espaço, de qualidade igual ou superior a detetores extremamente grandes e pesados usados como aceleradores de partículas na Terra, ele custou quatro vezes mais que qualquer detetor semelhante existente, cerca de 2000 milhões de dólares.[4] Desde sua idealização e início da construção, em 1995, ele veio sendo desenvolvido e refinado com o tempo. Os cientistas acreditam que ele seria capaz de detectar e comprovar a existência da misteriosa matéria negra existente no universo.[5] Seu tempo de atividade útil no espaço é previsto entre 10 e 18 anos.

Longa viagem até ao POCC

Exatamente quatro minutos depois de ter sido colocado em órbita em 16 de maio de 2011 pela Endeavour, começou a recolher dados.

Atendendo a que é um satélite,[6] os dados são primeiro arquivados e só quando o satélite se encontra na janela de transmissão é que começaram a longa viagem que da estação os envia par um satélite estacionário, daí partem para a Base aeronáutica Edward na Califórnia de onde são enviados para o Centro Espacial Marshall (CEM), em Alabama de onde são finalmente enviados para o Payload Operations and Control Centre (POCC) no CERN.[7]

Comemoração

Em 23 de julho de 2012 dois dos astronautas, que em 11 de maio de 2011 tinham posto em órbita o Espectômetro Magnético Alpha (AMS) a partir da nave espacial Endeavour, de visita ao CERN, onde se encontra o centro de controlo da experiência, subiram a um refúgio de montanha nos Alpes chamado Refúgio des Cosmiques, onde depuseram uma placa comemorativa dos 100 anos dos estudo dos raios cósmicos [8]

Galeria de imagens

  • 1- Logo
    1- Logo
  • 2- alinhamento
    2- alinhamento
  • 3- a bordo
    3- a bordo
  • 4- imagem gráfica
    4- imagem gráfica
  • 5- esquema
    5- esquema
  • 6- instalada
    6- instalada

Legendas

A numeração corresponde aos números da galeria

  1. Logo da missão
  2. Testes finais de alinhamento no CERN dias antes de partir para o Cabo Canaveral
  3. A borda, e na parte detrás, do ónibus espacial Endeavour antes de arrimar na EEI
  4. Imagem computadorizada mostrando o EMA uma vez arrimada à ISS
  5. Esquema mostrando a localização (à esquerda) na EEI
  6. AMS uma vez instalada na EEI

Referências

  1. ↑ CERN Public - AMS
  2. ↑ AMS02.org: Towards The Twins Chambers Switching
  3. ↑ «AMS-NASA meeting results». AMS collaboration. 18 de abril de 2010 
  4. ↑ «Endeavour decola da Flórida para sua última missão no espaço». O Globo. Consultado em 16 de maio de 2011 
  5. ↑ Controversy Follows Pricey Space Station Experiment to Launch Pad, SCIENCE, VOL. 332, 22 de abril de 2011
  6. ↑ CRN Public Imagens do lançamento de AMS, sala de controlo, etc.
  7. ↑ AMS-2 Data flow
  8. ↑ «AMS experiment marks one year in space». CERN Courrier. 2012 

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