Direito da União Europeia

A UE tem uma população de 446 milhões de pessoas, a segunda maior economia combinada do mundo e uma taxa muito elevada de desenvolvimento humano. Vencedora do Prêmio Nobel da Paz de 2012, a UE está comprometida com “ a dignidade humana, a liberdade, a democracia, a igualdade, o Estado de direito e o respeito pelos direitos humanos”.[1][2]

As leis da União Europeia (Direito da União Europeia) são um sistema de regras que opera nos estados membros da União Europeia (UE). Desde a fundação da Comunidade Europeia do Carvão e do Aço após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a UE desenvolveu o objetivo de "promover a paz, seus valores e o bem-estar de seus povos". A UE tem instituições políticas, políticas sociais e econômicas, que transcendem os Estados-nação para fins de cooperação e desenvolvimento humano. De acordo com o seu Tribunal de Justiça, a UE representa "uma nova ordem jurídica de direito internacional".[3][4][5]

Os fundamentos jurídicos da UE são o Tratado da União Europeia e o Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia, atualmente acordados por unanimidade pelos governos de 27 Estados-Membros. Novos membros podem ingressar se concordarem em seguir as regras do sindicato, e os estados existentes podem sair de acordo com seus "próprios requisitos constitucionais". Os cidadãos têm o direito de participar por meio do Parlamento e de seus respectivos governos por meio do Conselho na formulação da legislação que a UE faz. A Comissão tem o direito de propor novas leis (o direito de iniciativa), o Conselho da União Europeia representa os governos dos estados membros eleitos, o Parlamento é eleito pelos cidadãos europeus e o Tribunal de Justiça destina-se a defender o estado de direito e os direitos humanos. Como afirmou o Tribunal de Justiça, a UE "não é apenas uma união económica", mas destina-se a "garantir o progresso social e procurar a melhoria constante das condições de vida e de trabalho dos seus povos".[6][7]

Referências

  1. ↑ Treaty on European Union art 2
  2. ↑ «Living in the EU». European Union. 5 de julho de 2016 
  3. ↑ Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen (1963) Case 26/62
  4. ↑ See TEU art 3(1) 'The Union's aim is to promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples.' (3) '... and shall promote social justice and protection...'
  5. ↑ See TEU arts 3(3) 'It shall work for the sustainable development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social progress, and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment'. Art 4(3) 'Pursuant to the principle of sincere cooperation, the Union and the Member States shall, in full mutual respect, assist each other in carrying out tasks which flow from the Treaties'.
  6. ↑ TEU art 50. On the most sophisticated discussion of constitutional law and human rights principles for secession, see Reference Re Secession of Quebec [1998] 2 SCR 217, particularly [67] "The consent of the governed is a value that is basic to our understanding of a free and democratic society. Yet democracy in any real sense of the word cannot exist without the rule of law". And [149] "Democracy, however, means more than simple majority rule".
  7. ↑ See TEU arts 13–19

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