Corrente contínua

Artigos sobre
Eletromagnetismo
Solenoide

Corrente contínua (CC ou DC do inglês direct current) é o fluxo ordenado de elétrons num único sentido mediante a presença de uma diferença de potencial, diferentemente da corrente alternada, na qual o sentido do movimento dos elétrons varia no tempo.

Os elétrons fluem do pólo negativo para positivo, o que é chamado de sentido real da corrente elétrica. Na análise de circuitos elétricos, por convenção, os elétrons fluem do pólo positivo para o polo negativo, que recebe a denominação de sentido convencional da corrente elétrica, que acompanha o sentido do campo elétrico.

Tipos de correntes contínuas

As correntes contínuas podem ser constantes ou pulsantes.

Tipos de Correntes.

Correntes contínuas constantes: A CC é considerada constante quando sua intensidade e sentido não se altera com o passar do tempo. É comumente encontrada em pilhas e baterias.

O gráfico, assim como a forma de onda dessa corrente é um segmento de reta constante.

Correntes contínuas pulsantes: Nesse modelo, a corrente tem seu sentido constante, porém o fluxo de elétrons no interior do fio se comporta como pulsos, fazendo com que a intensidade passe por variações no decorrer do tempo. Geralmente é encontrada em circuitos retificadores de corrente alternada.

Como a corrente não muda de sentido, sua forma de onda nunca troca de sinal.[1]

Fontes de corrente contínua

Há fontes de corrente contínua que fornecem tensões ou correntes, independentemente da carga a qual forem ligadas.

Fonte de tensão CC: As fontes de tensão podem ser divididas em três categorias: baterias, geradores e fontes de alimentação.

Baterias: É a fonte CC mais comum. Geram energia elétrica pela conversão de energia química e é constituido por células secundárias( células recarregáveis) ou por células primárias (que não pode ser recarregada).

Geradores: Convertem energia mecânica em energia elétrica.Os geradores quando são de corrente contínua também são chamados de dínamos e, quando são de corrente alternada, de alternadores.

Fontes de alimentação: É a fonte mais comum encontrada em laboratórios, na qual usa os processos de retificação que converte uma tensão com variação no tempo em uma tensão de magnitude fixa.

Fonte de corrente CC: Em uma fonte de CC ideal, ainda que tenha variações na tensão, a fonte sempre irá fornecer uma corrente fixa a qualquer sistema eletroeletrônico.[2]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ Sarkis; Pires ; Guadalupe, Nicolau Arbex ; Marcílio Alberto de Faria ; André Oliveira de (2011). Livro 1 Física – Sistema de Ensino Poliedro. São José dos Campos - SP: Poliedro. p. 213 , 214. ISBN 978-85-7901-049-1 
  2. ↑ Boylestad, Robert L. (2004). Introdução á análise de circuitos , 10 Ed. São Paulo - SP: Prentice Hall. p. 29 a 34. ISBN 85- 87918-18-4 
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