Corpo Aéreo do Exército dos Estados Unidos

Insígnia do Corpo Aéreo.

O Corpo Aéreo do Exército dos Estados Unidos (do inglês United States Army Air Corps - USAAC), foi o antecessor estatutário da Força Aérea. Foi o sucessor do Serviço Aéreo a partir de 2 de julho de 1926, ele era parte do Exército e o antecessor imediato das Forças Aéreas do Exército dos Estados Unidos (USAAF), criado em 20 de junho de 1941. Apesar de abolido como entidade administrativa em 1942, o Corpo Aéreo (AC) permaneceu como uma das "armas de combate" do Exército até 1947.

Aeronaves Keystone LB-6 e Boeing P-12 da USAAC, em 1930.

O Corpo Aéreo foi renomeado pelo Congresso, muito devido a um compromisso entre os favoráveis a um braço aéreo separado e aqueles do Alto Comando do Exército que enxergavam o braço aéreo como um ramo auxiliar as forças de terra. Apesar de seus membros terem trabalhado para promover o conceito de um "poder aéreo" e de uma "força aérea" autônoma entre 1926 e 1941, o seu objetivo primário de acordo com regimento do Exército permanecia sendo o suporte às forças de terra.

Em 1 de março de 1935, ainda lutando com o problema de um braço aéreo separado, o Exército ativou o Quartel General da Força Aérea para um controle centralizado das unidades de combate de aviação dentro dos Estados unidos, separado mas em coordenação com o Corpo Aéreo. A separação do controle das suas unidades de combate, fez com que o Corpo Aéreo sofresse problemas de falta de uma linha de comando, que ficaram mais agudos quando o Corpo Aéreo cresceu na preparação para a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Isso foi resolvido com a criação das Forças Aéreas do Exército (AAF) em 20 de junho de 1941, quando ambas as organizações foram subordinadas ao novo órgão.

O Corpo Aéreo deixou de ter uma estrutura administrativa depois de 9 de março de 1942, mas como "a organização estatutária permanente do braço aéreo, e o componente principal das Forças Aéreas do Exército", a grande maioria do pessoal designado para a AAF eram membros do Corpo Aéreo.[1]

Evolução da Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos

Ver também

Referências

  1. Craven and Cate, Vol. 6, p. 31.

Bibliografia

  • Army Air Forces Statistical Digest, World War II. Office of Statistical Control, Headquarters AAF. Washington, D.C. December 1945
Tables 1-73, Combat Groups, Personnel, Training, and Crews
  • Bowman, Martin W. (1997). USAAF Handbook 1939–1945, ISBN 0-8117-1822-0
  • Coffey, Thomas M. (1982). Hap: The Story of the U.S. Air Force and the Man Who Built It, General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold, The Viking Press, ISBN 0-670-36069-4
  • Cate, James L. (1945). The History of the Twentieth Air Force: Genesis (USAF Historical Study 112). AFHRA
  • Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1983). The Army Air Forces In World War II, Air Force Historical Studies Office, ISBN 0-912799-03-X (Vol. 1).
(1948). Volume One - Plans and Early Operations: January 1939-August 1942
(1949). Volume Two - Europe: Torch to Pointblank: August 1942-December 1943
(1951). Volume Three - Europe: Argument to V-E Day: January 1944-May 1945
(1950). Volume Four - The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan: August 1942-July 1944
(1953). Volume Five - The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki: June 1944-August1945
(1955). Volume Six - Men and Planes
(1958). Volume Seven - Services Around the World
  • Eden, Paul and Soph Moeng, eds (2002). The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 0-7607-3432-1.
  • Foulois, Benjamin D. Glines, Carroll V. (1968). From the Wright Brothers to the Astronauts: The Memoirs of Major General Benjamin D. Foulois. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
  • Futrell, Robert F. (1989). Ideas, Concepts, Doctrine: Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force 1907–1960, Vol. I. [S.l.]: Air University Press. ISBN 1-58566-029-9 
  • Futrell, Robert F (1951). «Development of AAF Base Facilities in the United States 1939–1945» (PDF). Air Force Historical Research Agency. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2011. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 8 de setembro de 2012 
  • Greenfield, Col. Kent Roberts (1948). Study No. 35 Army Ground Forces and the Air-Ground Battle Team. Historical Section Army Ground Forces, AD-A954 913
  • Greer, Thomas H. (1985). The Development of Air Doctrine in the Army Air Arm, 1917–1941 (PDF). Maxwell Air Force Base: (USAF Historical Study 89). Center For Air Force History. Consultado em 10 de novembro de 2010. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 13 de março de 2013 
  • Griffith, Charles (1999). The Quest: Haywood Hansell and American Strategic Bombing in World War II. Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University Press. ISBN 1-58566-069-8 
  • Maurer, Maurer (1987). Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919–1939, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C. ISBN 1-4102-1391-9
  • Maurer, Maurer (1961). Air Force Combat Units of World War II, Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6
  • Mooney, Chase C. and Layman, Martha E. (1944). «Organization of Military Aeronautics, 1907–1935 (Congressional and War Department Action)» (PDF). (USAF Historical Study No. 25). AFHRA. Consultado em 14 de dezembro de 2010. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 27 de dezembro de 2010 
  • Mooney, Chase C. (1956). «Organization of the Army Air Arm, 1935–1945» (PDF). (USAF Historical Study No. 10). AFHRA. Consultado em 27 de março de 2011. Arquivado do original (PDF) em 27 de dezembro de 2010 
  • Nalty, Bernard C. (1997). «Reaction to the war in Europe». Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force. Volume I. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 0-16-049009-X 
  • Rice, Rondall Ravon (2004). The Politics of Air Power: From Confrontation to Cooperation in Army Aviation Civil-Military Relations, University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3960-2
  • Shiner, John F. (1997). «The Coming of the GHQ Air Force». Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force. Volume I. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 0-16-049009-X 
  • Shiner, John F. (1997). «The Heyday of the GHQ Air Force, 1935–1939». Winged Shield, Winged Sword: A History of the United States Air Force. Volume I. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 0-16-049009-X 
  • Tate, Dr. James P. (1998). The Army and its Air Corps: Army Policy Toward Aviation 1919–1941. Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University Press. ISBN 0-16-061379-5 
  • White, Jerry (1949). Combat Crew and Training Units in the AAF, 1939–45 (USAF Historical Study 61). Air Force Historical Research Agency.
  • Williams, Edwin L., Jr. (1953). Legislative History of the AAF and USAF, 1941–1951 (USAF Historical Study No. 84). Air Force Historical Research Agency

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