Contrainsurgência

A polícia questiona um civil durante a Emergência Malaia. A contrainsurgência envolve a ação das autoridades militares e policiais.

Contrainsurgência (COIN) é "a totalidade das ações destinadas a derrotar as forças irregulares".[1] O Oxford English Dictionary define "contrainsurgência" como qualquer "ação militar ou política tomada contra as atividades de guerrilheiros ou revolucionários"[2] e pode ser considerada guerra de um Estado contra um adversário não estatal.[3] Campanhas de insurgência e contrainsurgência têm sido travadas desde a história antiga. No entanto, o pensamento moderno sobre contrainsurgência foi desenvolvido durante a descolonização.[3] Dentro das ciências militares, a contrainsurgência é uma das principais abordagens operacionais da guerra irregular.[4]

Durante a insurgência e a contrainsurgência, a distinção entre civis e combatentes é muitas vezes confusa.[5] A contrainsurgência pode envolver a tentativa de conquistar os corações e mentes das populações que apoiam a insurgência.[6][7] Alternativamente, pode ser realizado na tentativa de intimidar[3][8] ou eliminar populações civis suspeitas de lealdade à insurgência por meio de violência indiscriminada.[3][9]

Referências

  1. ↑ Paul B. Rich, Isabelle Duyvesteyn (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency, Routledge, 2012 isbn 9781136477652 p.68.
  2. ↑ 'counterinsurgency' Oxford English Dictionary Online
  3. ↑ a b c d Sheldon, Rose Mary (2020). «Introduction». Small Wars & Insurgencies. 31 (5): 931–955. doi:10.1080/09592318.2020.1764713Acessível livremente 
  4. ↑ Kitzen M. (2020) 'Operations in Irregular Warfare". In: Sookermany A. (eds) Handbook of Military Sciences. p. 1-21. Springer, Cham doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_81-1
  5. ↑ Levine, Daniel H. (2010). «Care and Counterinsurgency». Journal of Military Ethics. 9 (2): 139–159. doi:10.1080/15027570.2010.491331. hdl:1903/15979Acessível livremente 
  6. ↑ Berman, Eli; Shapiro, Jacob N.; Felter, Joseph H. (2011). «Can Hearts and Minds Be Bought? The Economics of Counterinsurgency in Iraq». Journal of Political Economy. 119 (4): 766–819. doi:10.1086/661983 
  7. ↑ Dixon, Paul (2009). «'Hearts and Minds'? British Counter-Insurgency from Malaya to Iraq». Journal of Strategic Studies. 32 (3): 353–381. doi:10.1080/01402390902928172Acessível livremente 
  8. ↑ Worrall, James; Hightower, Victoria Penziner (2021). «Methods in the madness? Exploring the logics of torture in Syrian counterinsurgency practices». British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies: 1–15. doi:10.1080/13530194.2021.1916154Acessível livremente 
  9. ↑ Downes, Alexander B. (2007). «Draining the Sea by Filling the Graves: Investigating the Effectiveness of Indiscriminate Violence as a Counterinsurgency Strategy». Civil Wars. 9 (4): 420–444. doi:10.1080/13698240701699631 
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