Concordância gramatical

Concordância gramatical é a transmissão de características morfológicas de flexão gramatical de um vocábulo principal para outro(s). Em geral, concordância é ato ou efeito de harmonizar flexões de palavras em uma frase; neste contexto, pode ser entendida como "se refere de forma correta".[1] Quando verbal, a concordância se refere à relação entre verbo e sujeito oracional quanto às suas flexões em número e pessoa; já a nominal se aplica às variações de gênero e número da relação entre o núcleo sintático nominal e demais vocábulos de classes variáveis, chamada de sintagma nominal.[2][3] A concordância pode ser feita ainda de acordo com a ideia contida no vocábulo, fazendo-se assim uso da silepsefigura de linguagem que estabelece a concordância ideológica entre palavras.[3] Na frase "Todos acreditam no futuro" prepondera a estilística (o locutor percebe-se e declara-se parte do sujeito "todos") sobre a lógica gramatical (que indicaria o verbo conjugado na terceira pessoa do plural, "acreditam", não na primeira pessoa do plural, "acreditamos").[3]

Concordância nominal consiste na adaptação de um nome ao outro, harmonizando-se nas suas flexões com as palavras de que dependem. Na gramática da língua portuguesa, a concordância nominal se dá pela relação entre um substantivo, pronome ou mesmo numeral substantivo e as demais palavras que a eles se ligam para caracterizá-los — sejam artigos, adjetivos, pronomes adjetivos e numerais adjetivos. Em geral pode-se dizer que artigo, o adjetivo, o pronome e o numeral devem concordar em gênero (masculino/feminino) e número (singular/plural) com o substantivo a que se refere. Adjetivos antepostos aos substantivos concordam com o mais próximo, porém se exerce a função de predicativo pode concordar de duas maneiras: com o mais próximo ou ir para o plural. No caso do adjetivo vir após vários substantivos a concordância já muda, pois se os substantivos forem do mesmo gênero há duas possibilidades: ir para o plural ou assumir o gênero do substantivo.[carece de fontes?]

Concordância verbal é a flexão do verbo em conformidade ao número e pessoa do sujeito da oração.[4] As orações de exemplo "João faz o dever de casa" e "Os alunos fazem o dever de casa" trazem os verbos na mesma flexão número-pessoal de seus sujeitos oracionais — respectivamente, na terceira pessoa do singular (sujeito "João" e verbo "faz") e na terceira pessoa do plural (sujeito "os alunos" e verbo "fazem").

Ver também

Referências

  1. FERREIRA, Aurélio Buarque de Hollanda (2010). mini Aurélio 8 ed. Curitiba: Positivo. p. 184. ISBN 85-385-4239-1 Verifique |isbn= (ajuda) 
  2. Limeira, Eudenise de Albuquerque. «Concordância verbal e nominal - educação». Português - educação. G1. Consultado em 14 de janeiro de 2019 
  3. a b c Camargo, Thaís Nicoleti de (16 de fevereiro de 2005). «Concordância gramatical 'convive' com a estilística». vestibular.uol.com.br. Folha de S. Paulo. Consultado em 14 de janeiro de 2019 
  4. Abaurre, Maria Luiza; Pontara, Marcela Nogueira; Fadel, Tatiana (2005). Português: língua e literatura. 1 2 ed. São Paulo: Moderna. p. 262-265. ISBN 85-16-03845-9 
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