Compostos à base de cloro

Compostos à base de cloro, também conhecidos como compostos de libertação de cloro, são uma família de substâncias químicas que liberam cloro. Eles são usados para desinfectar a água, equipamentos médicos, e áreas de superfície. A presença de matéria orgânica pode torná-los menos eficazes. Eles vêm como um pó, que é misturado com água antes de usar.[1]

Efeitos secundários em caso de contacto podem incluir a irritação da pele e queimaduras químicas para o olho. Eles também podem causar corrosão e, portanto, podem requerer a sua remoção através de uma lavagem. Compostos específicos desta família incluem hipoclorito de sódio, cloro, halazone, dióxido de cloro e dicloroisocianurato de sódio. Eles são eficazes contra uma ampla variedade de microorganismos , incluindo esporos bacterianos.[2]

Compostos à base de cloro começaram a ser usados em 1915.[3] Fazem parte da Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais da Organização Mundial de Saúde, uma lista dos mais eficazes e seguros medicamentos que são necessários em um sistema de saúde.[4] O custo no mundo em desenvolvimento é de cerca de 0,01 a 0,02 dólares por 500 mg de cloro tipo.[5] Eles são amplamente utilizados em nas industrias médicas e de alimentos.[6]

Referências

  1. ↑ WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). [S.l.]: World Health Organization. 2009. pp. 323–324. ISBN 9789241547659. Consultado em 8 de janeiro de 2017. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 13 de dezembro de 2016 
  2. ↑ Hayes, Richard (2013). Food Microbiology and Hygiene (em inglês) 2 ed. [S.l.]: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 361. ISBN 9781461535461. Cópia arquivada em 18 de janeiro de 2017 
  3. ↑ Alexander, Martin; Bloom, Barry R.; Hopwood, David A.; Hull, Roger; Iglewski, Barbara H.; Laskin, Allen I.; Oliver, Stephen G.; Schaechter, Moselio; Summers, William C. (2000). Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Four-Volume Set (em inglês) 2 ed. [S.l.]: Academic Press. ISBN 9780080548487. Cópia arquivada em 18 de janeiro de 2017 
  4. ↑ «WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)» (PDF). World Health Organization. Abril de 2015. Consultado em 8 de dezembro de 2016. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 13 de dezembro de 2016 
  5. ↑ «Chloramine». International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Consultado em 8 de dezembro de 2016 
  6. ↑ Block, Seymour Stanton (2001). Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation (em inglês). [S.l.]: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1082. ISBN 9780683307405. Cópia arquivada em 18 de janeiro de 2017 

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